2021年考研英语一真题（含答案）.pdf

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料 全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料第 1 页，共 23 页2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及参考答案及参考答案Section Use ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Section Use ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-termmemory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solvenew problems. It1in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then2starts to slowly decline as we age. But3aging is inevitable, scientistsare finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle 1oss and the4of body fat around the abdomenare associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the5thatlifestyle factors might help prevent or6this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that7measurements of lean muscle andabdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and8thatdata to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They foundthat middle-aged people9higher measures of abdominal fat10worse onmeasures of fluid intelligence as the years11.For women, the association may be12to changes in immunity that resulted全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料第 2 页，共 23 页from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be13.It is hoped that future studies could14these differences and perhaps lead todifferent15for men and women.16there are steps you can17to help reduce abdominal fat andmaintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental18. The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasingyour19of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style20that ishigh in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.1. A pausesB returnC peaksD fades2. A alternativelyB formallyC accidentally D generally3. A whileB sinceC onceD until4. A detectionB accumulationC consumptionD separation5. A possibilityB decisionC goalD requirement6. A delayB ensureC seekD utilize7. A modifiedB supportedC includedD predicted8. A devotedB comparedC convertedD applied9. A withB aboveC byD against10. A livedB managedC scoredD played11. A ran outB set offC drew inD went by全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料第 3 页，共 23 页12. A superiorB attributableC parallelD resistant13. A restoredB isolatedC involvedD controlled14. A alterB spreadC removeD explain15. A compensations B symptomsC demandsD treatments16. A LikewiseB MeanwhileC ThereforeD Instead17. A changeB watchC countD take18. A well-beingB processC formationD coordination19. A levelB loveC knowledgeDspace20. A designB routineC dietD prescriptionSection Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each textby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Section Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each textby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1How can Britains train operators possibly justify yet anotherincrease to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annualritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing asignificant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the railnetwork to get to work or otherwise. This year s rise an average of 2.7percent, may be a faction lower than last years, but it is still wellabove the official Consumer Price Ind-er (CPI) measure of inflation.全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料第 4 页，共 23 页Successive governments have permitted such increases on the groundsthat the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borneby those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argumentgoes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincoln-shire have to subscribethe daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sensethat the travails of commuters in the south East, many of whom will faceamong the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to thosewho must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands andthe North.However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experiencedsome of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operatorstrumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengersshould be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sumsthey are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the test wave ofstrikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that thosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensation for the disruption they have suffered.The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimumservice requirement, so that even when strikes occur, services cancontinue t。