语法填空中名词的两大考点和解题依据- 高三英语二轮复习素材.docx

高考英语备考：语法填空中名词的两大考点和解题依据一、考查名词复数也就是要求考生将括号中所给的名词变成复数形式一般说来，如果考生判断此空该填名词，而括号中给出的就是名词，通常是要求考生填该名词的复数形式解答此类题有四条依据：（一）谓语动词的数1.（全国Ⅰ卷）While there are amazing stories of instant transformation， for most of us the __________（change）are gradual and require a lot of effort and work， like cleaning up a polluted river.2.（全国Ⅱ卷）Recent __________（study）show that we are far more productive at work.以上两道题的答案都是括号中名词的复数形式，但change直接加s变复数，study需要变成studies这两题都给学生留下解题依据，一是该词之后都是谓语动词，由此推断此空应该填名词，再加上动词are和show都不是第三人称单数形式，最终确定应该是用名词的复数形式。

二）空前修饰语3.（全国Ⅰ卷）Id skipped nearby Guilin， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese__________（painting）.4.（全国Ⅰ卷） The nursery team switches him every few __________（day）with his sister.5.（全国Ⅲ卷）She has turned down several ______（invitation）to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.以上三题的答案都是括号中名词的复数形式而且，也都给考生留下比较明显的依据三）空后所举的例子6.（全国Ⅰ卷）This trend， which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease， has had some unintended side __________（effect）such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.这一题需要填effects。

effect前没有few， many， several之类的提示词，可是空后有“such as overweight and heart disease”，也就是有两个副作用，从这一提示可以确定应该填名词的复数形式四）语境分析7.（全国Ⅰ卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __________（cause）.8.（全国Ⅱ卷）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __________（crowd）on the roads above最后这两道题，也就是近年考的两道题，难度又再次提升除了句子比较长之外，主要还是没有了上下文的依据所以，先借助from和avoid这两个词，即构成介宾或动宾短语，推断出所给的空是需要填名词。

如果考生基础知识较扎实，知道cause作“原因”解时是可数名词，crowd作“人群”解时是可数名词，则可以判断这两个空应该填括号中名词的复数形式当然，如果实在判断不了名词是否可数，从出题的角度来看，括号里给的是一个名词，让考生填名词原形的可能性不太大所以从这点来讲，填名词的复数，正确率更高一些二、考查名词的句法作用名词在句中主要是做主语、宾语和表语，名词的句法作用是全国Ⅱ卷和Ⅲ卷的重点考查对象解答此类题有三条依据：（一）名词的用法在谓语动词前做主语，或在及物动词或介词后做宾语，用所给词的名词形式填空如：9.（全国Ⅱ卷）This switch has decreased _______ （pollute）in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.10.（全国Ⅱ卷）Then， handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ______（achieve）.第9题在及物动词increased后做宾语，第10题是做介词of的宾语，应用所给动词的名词形式，故分别填pollution和achievement。

二）空前的冠词当空格前有冠词时，用所给词的名词形式填空11.（全国Ⅲ卷）My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a __________（science）who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.12.（全国Ⅱ卷） This development was only possible with the ________（introduce） of electric-powered engines and lifts.13.（全国Ⅲ卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.， influenced the __________（develop）of chopsticks.由空格前的冠詞可以判断，这三空均填名词形式第11题，由句意或后面引导定语从句的who可判断，填scientist;第12题和13题，分别填introduction和development三）空前的形容词性物主代词当空格前有物主代词时，用所给词的名词形式填空。

14.（全国Ⅲ卷） She is determined to carry on with her __________ （educate）.15.（全国Ⅱ卷） In addition to their simple beauty， what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __________ （able）to “air condition” a house without using exec tic equipment.16.（全国Ⅰ卷）But for tourists like me， pandas are its top__________（attract）.第14和15两题直接在形容词性物主代词后，用名词，分别填education和ability;第16题空格前是“形容词性物主代词（its）+形容词（top）”，其后应填名词attraction仔细分析以上9～16题，可以发现：1. 全国Ⅱ卷和Ⅲ卷对名词的考查，一般是要考生进行词性转换，并通常要求考生将动词转化为相应的名词但第11题括号中所给词是名词science，第15题是形容词able。

2. 到目前为止，将括号内所给词转化为名词后，不再要求考生第二次转换，即不需要变成复数形式值得一提的是，以上规律是根据已经考过的全国卷真题总结出来的，掌握规律，有利于高考备考但是，这既不代表平时的模拟考试也符合这些规律，更不代表今后的高考一成不变因此，既要牢记规律，运用规律，为高考服务，又要从实际出发，根据具体题目的具体语境来确定答案如在将括号中所给词转换成名词后，依然要分析语境，看是否需要变成复数形式最后，留下几道各市模拟题让同学们巩固一下：1.（安徽合肥卷）During the festival， which lasts three or four days， people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of colorful _________（activity）.2.（广东惠州卷）For example， Mo bike sets a 100-point credit score for each user， with _________（point）taken in the case of bad behavior.3.（山东淄博卷）Later， when expensive _________ （tea）were sold in certain cafes， women were initially not allowed to enter.4.（广东惠州卷）Public _________（celebration）include the Lusheng Festival and water buffalo fighting.5.（云南二检）As a _________（music）， Dylan has sold more than 100 million records， making him one of the best-selling artists of all time.6.（陕西模拟）The doctor said I lost my ________（hear）.7.（青海西宁）We should make every effort to prevent violence school happening， for more and more students would drop out if their personal _________（safe）could not be guaranteed.8.（吉林长春）The letter talked about the living and working conditions of the Queen at an early age， and included a detailed _________ （introduce） of the Palace.参考答案与简析：1. activities 因activity是可数名词，且前有a variety of（各种各样的）修饰（参考真题3，4，5）。

2. points 因point（这里指信用分）是可数名词，扣去分数，表泛指用其复数（参考真题7）3. teas 因句子的谓语为were sold，说明主语为复数（参考真题1）4. celebrations 因句子的谓语为include，说明主语应为复数（参考真题2）5. musician 作为一名_________，此处应指人的身份或职业，用musician （参考。