
湘教版初中英语情态动词.ppt
36页情态动词复习 定义:表示可能、愿意定义:表示可能、愿意、、愿望、建议、愿望、建议、必要、允许等语气的动词是情态动词必要、允许等语气的动词是情态动词语法特征语法特征 1 1)) 情态动词不能单独做谓语,只情态动词不能单独做谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语能和动词原形一起构成谓语 2 2)) 情态动词情态动词 除除ought ought 和和have have 外,外,后面只能接不带后面只能接不带to to 的不定式的不定式 3 3)) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s-s 4 4)) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式没有不定式,分词,等形式 12can(could) 1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)Can you play the piano?(技能) 你会弹钢琴吗?你会弹钢琴吗?Mary can speak three languages.(知识) Mary会讲三种语言会讲三种语言Can you skate?(体力)你会滑冰吗?你会滑冰吗?She couldn't come yesterday because she was ill. 她昨天不能来是因为她病了。
1注:此时可用注:此时可用be able to代替Can只有一般现在只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态则有更多的时态 I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.今天下午,我将不能来今天下午,我将不能来 当表示当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用时应用be able to,不能用,不能用Can如: He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 昨天晚上尽管下大雨他能去参加聚会昨天晚上尽管下大雨他能去参加聚会2) 表示请求,允许表示请求,允许•---Can I go now?•--- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时此时可与可与may互换在疑问句中还可用互换在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中•--- Could I come to see you tomorrow? •--- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. ) 3) 表推测可能。
表推测可能Could it be Henry?可能是亨利吗?可能是亨利吗?can和和 may二者强调意思不同二者强调意思不同can强调强调客观客观上的可能性上的可能性,而,而may则强调则强调主观上的推测或主观上的推测或判断判断如:如:Man cannot live without air or water.没有空气和水,人不能活着没有空气和水,人不能活着She may be in the library, I suppose.我认为:她也许是在图书馆里我认为:她也许是在图书馆里注:表示可能时,注:表示可能时,could比比can可能小1) 表示表示推测可能,但不肯定推测可能,但不肯定(用于(用于肯定句)肯定句)1.A fever may cause a headache . 发烧可能会导致头疼发烧可能会导致头疼2.He might get there in time.他可能会及时赶到那里他可能会及时赶到那里注:注:might比比may可能性小,更具有不确定性可能性小,更具有不确定性 may(might)22)表示允许和征求同意征求同意(肯和疑问句)(肯和疑问句) 否定回答可用can’t 或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
1. May I smoke in this room? No, you mustn’t.2.May I take this book out of the room? Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 3.Might I use your phone?我可以用你的电我可以用你的吗?话吗?注注:表请求时,表请求时,Might比比May语气更委婉语气更委婉3)might是是 may的过去式(用于间的过去式(用于间接引语中)接引语中) She said she might go home later.她说她可能晚点回家她说她可能晚点回家注:注:句型句型Can\May\Could\Might I...?表示表示请求对方许可其中请求对方许可其中Can语气最不正式;语气最不正式;Could语气较客气;语气较客气;Might 用于正式场合较恭用于正式场合较恭敬;敬;Might比更客气比更客气Might Ihave your email address?肯定肯定Of course.\Yea,you can\may. 否定否定No,you can't\may not.. must1) 表示义务,意为“必须”,(肯,否)表说话人的主观看法。
You must take care of your parents. 你必须照顾你的父母注:注:在回答问句时,否定回答,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t 或 don’t have to(不必). 33. must-- Must we hand in our homework today? 今天我们必须交上作业吗?-- Yes, you must 必须. -- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. 不,没有必要不,没有必要.2)must 的否定式,must not = mustn't 表不许,禁止表不许,禁止you must not play on the road.3. must3)3)表表推测、可能推测、可能. .意意““一定准是(一定准是(肯肯)) 这封信一定是她笔友寄来的这封信一定是她笔友寄来的放学了,吉姆一定在家里放学了,吉姆一定在家里1. The letter must be from her pen pal. 2. School is over. Jim must be at home. 4)表劝告,必要性表劝告,必要性你必须多锻炼。
你必须多锻炼you must do more exercise.5).must和和have to的比较的比较两词都两词都“必须必须”的含义,但侧重点不同:的含义,但侧重点不同:must 强调说话者强调说话者主观主观看法,看法,have to 强调强调客观客观的需要My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来客观上客观上需要做这件事需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们他说他们必须努力工作主观上要做这件事必须努力工作主观上要做这件事))have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而有人称、数、时态的变化,而must没有He had to look after his sister yesterday.昨天,昨天,他不得不照顾他的妹妹他不得不照顾他的妹妹在否定结构中:在否定结构中: don‘t have to表示表示“不必不必” mustn’t表示表示“禁止禁止”,,You don‘t have to tell him about it. 你你不必不必把此事告诉他。
把此事告诉他You mustn’t tell him about it. 你你一定不一定不要把这件事告诉他要把这件事告诉他have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而有人称、数、时态的变化,而must没有 I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时,我只好借些钱那时,我只好借些钱4、、 shall 和和should的基本用法的基本用法shall 表表征询询意见,用于第一人称疑问句中疑问句中 1.What shall we do this evening?今晚我们将要做什么?今晚我们将要做什么? 2.Shall I take you to the hospital?要不要我带你去医院?((1))shall 用法用法((2))should的用法的用法(2)(2)表示表示““应该应该””,表劝告、建议;,表劝告、建议; You should go to see a docter.你应当去看医生You shouldn’t always stay at home and play computer games.你不应该总是呆在家里玩电脑游戏。
否定:否定:shouldn't 或或should not1)表义务We should save water.我们应该节约用水We should protect the environment我们应该保护环境will 指将来,指将来,would指过去将来指过去将来1)在陈述句中表意愿在陈述句中表意愿I will do my best to help you.我定会尽力帮助你我定会尽力帮助你I told the teacher that I would go along with her.我对老师说我要跟她一起去我对老师说我要跟她一起去5. will 和would的基本用法的基本用法((2)表示请求、邀请或个人的看法想法)表示请求、邀请或个人的看法想法Will you help me send the letter?帮我把这封信寄走好吗?帮我把这封信寄走好吗?Would yo u pass me that book?请把那本书递给我好吗?请把那本书递给我好吗?表建议或征求对方意见时,用表建议或征求对方意见时,用Would you…? 比用比用Will you…?更婉转如:更婉转如:•Will/Would you please keep the door open?请让门开着好吗?•Will/Would you go with me?你愿意和我一起去吗?5. will 和would的基本用法的基本用法相关短语相关短语•would like表示愿意表示愿意I would like to have a word with you. 我想同我想同你说句话。
你说句话•would rather…than…宁愿宁愿……也不愿也不愿……I would rather fail than cheat in the examination. 我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊6.need的基本用法的基本用法如:如:Need I repeat it ?需要我重复吗?需要我重复吗?肯定回答:肯定回答:Yes, you must/you have to否定回答:否定回答:No, you needn't/you don’t have to. You needn‘t worry.你不必担心need 作情态动词,作情态动词,表必要性,无人称或数的变表必要性,无人称或数的变化,化, 后接动词原形,多后接动词原形,多用于问句和否定句中用于问句和否定句中need一般问句的肯定回答用一般问句的肯定回答用 must或或have to,,否定回答用否定回答用needn't,,• —Must I do the work now? 我必须现在干这个活吗? —Yes, you must /have to. ---No, you needn't /don't have to. 由由must引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定答语用否定答语用needn't或或don't have to。
如:如:Need 做实义实义动词•Need sth•Need to do sth•Need doing=need to be done表被动表被动•否定:否定: don’t need注:注: need作实义动词时,有人称、数和时态作实义动词时,有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词不定式(的变化,后接动词不定式(to do)You need to show your school card.你需要出示校卡你需要出示校卡Your jacket needs washing.I'm afraid.我想你的夹克该洗了我想你的夹克该洗了7.had better用法用法提建议意为提建议意为“最好最好”如:You had better go to see a docter.你最好去看医生你最好去看医生否定形式:否定形式:had better not doYou had better not eat spicy food.你最好别吃辛辣的食物你最好别吃辛辣的食物8.used to的用法的用法意为意为“过去常常,曾经表示过去的习惯动过去常常,曾经表示过去的习惯动作或状态,且这种情况现在不复存在作或状态,且这种情况现在不复存在。
used to 的各种句式:的各种句式:否定句:否定句: sb. didn’t use to do sth. / sb. usedn’t to do sth.Eg: He didn’t use to get up before 6:30. / He usedn’t to get up before 6:30.一般疑问句:一般疑问句: Did sb. use to do sth. ? / Used sb. to do sth. ?答语:答语: Yes, sb. did. No, sb. didn’t. / Yes, sb. used. No, sb. usedn’t.把下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答把下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答My brother used to go swimming in the sea.否定句否定句::My brother ___________________ to go swimming in the sea.一般疑问句一般疑问句::______ your brother ___________ swimming in the sea ?Yes, _______ . No, _________ .一般疑问句一般疑问句::_____ your brother ______ swimming in the sea?Yes, _________ . No, ___________ .didn’t use / usedn’tDiduse to gohe didhe didn’tUsedto gohe usedhe usedn’t【例【例1】】—Where's Mr Li?I have something unusual to tell him. —You ____ find him.He______Japan.[[2003 黑黑龙江]龙江] A.may not,has gone to B.may not, has been to C.can't,,has gone to D.can't, has been to C【例【例2】】 —Could I look at your pictures? —Yes,of course 。
you _________.[[2003 武汉]武汉] A.could B.can C.will D.mightBØ典型例题解析典型例题解析【例【例3】】—Where is Jack,,please? —He______be in the classroom.[[2003 杭州]杭州] A.can B.need C.would D.mustD 【例【例4】】 The boy said he had to speak English in class,, but he speak it after class.[[2003,,广州]广州] A.could B. didn't have to C.might D. shouldn't B Ø典型例题解析典型例题解析【例【例5】】These books_________out of the reading room.You have to read,them here.[[2003,辽宁],辽宁]A.can't take B. must be taken C.can take D. mustn't be taken DØ典型例题解析典型例题解析1._________I open the window?It's hot here. A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would2.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _________tell you. A.may B.can C.would D.could3._________you please tell me the time please? A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might4.—_________I try out all the ideas? —No,you _________. A. Must, mustn't B.Need,need C.Must,don't have to D.Must,don't5._________I speak to Mr Green,,please? A.Will B.Could C.Must D.Would BABCBØ课时训练课时训练6.He said Kate _____come to the party.But I don't think so. A.could B.might C.need D.must7.—Need I do my lessons right now? —Yes,you_________. A.need B.can C.should D.must8.—Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?—I'd love to.But I'm afraid I___.I have too much work to do. A.can't B. mustn't C. needn't D.may not9.To make our city more beautiful,,rubbish_________into the river. A. needn't be thrown B. mustn't be thrown C.can't throw D. may not throwBDABØ课时训练课时训练10.Don't worry! We can get to the bus station in time and _________the early bus. A. don't miss B. can miss C. will miss D. won't miss11.—Please don't make any noise in the reading room. —_________ A. Sorry, I won't. B. Sorry, I can't. C. Yes, I won't. D.OK,I didn't.12.—Must I return your digital camera tomorrow. Tina? —No, you_________.A. mustn't B. may not C. needn't D. won'tACDØ课时训练课时训练13.—Would you like some more? —_________I'm full. A.Yes,please. B.I'd love to. C.No,I wouldn't. D.No,thanks.14.You_________swim in this part of the lake. It's dangerous. A. mustn't B.may not C. needn't D.won't15.—Your e-mail address again? I______quite catch it. —Hr Zhou @ . A.don't B.can't C.won't D. didn't ADDØ课时训练课时训练Thank you!。
