中考英语语法：非谓语动词.pdf

非谓语动词非谓语动词如果动状词想承担谓语以外的功能，就需要发生形式变化，这种形式发生了变化的动状词被称为非谓语动词四种非谓语动词名称形式词 性-非动词功 能（充当什么成分）-非 谓 语动名词doingn.主、宾、补现在分词doingadj.补、定adv.状过去分词doneadj.补、定adv.状不定式to don.主、宾、补adj.补、定adv.状 动名词：dong词性功能例句n.主语Collecting stamps is my hobby.Smoking isnt allowed in public places.宾语1 enjoy singing very much.1 prefer staying rt home to going out.补语（表语）My favorite pastime is reading.His favorite activity is swimming.注意:1）形式主语（动名词作主语时，可 用 it 替代动名词的主语位置，it 被成为形式主语，而真正的主语则被后置）e.g.It is no use making excuses for this.动名词与普通名词的比较不同：普通名词强调“抽象概念”；动名词强调“动作过程”（暗示动作、持续）。

e.g.Let me buy you a drink.（我请你喝一杯Drinking is his only vice.（喝酒是他唯一的坏习惯I am not afraid of death,but I am scared of dying.（死亡我倒不怕，只是怕死的过程相同：可加冠词；有复数；有所有格；可加定语修饰e.g.The burning of some trees can help the trees growth.There are two weddings at the restaurant tonight.Would you mind my smoking here?中考英语选择题The engineers will keep the project with the manager of the company.A)discuss B)discussed C)discussing D)to discuss不 定 式：(for sb/of sb)to do词性功能例句n.主语To finish the homework in half an hour is not that easy.To tell thn difference between these two words is difficult for us.宾语We agreed to meet at the school gate at 5 oclock.Kd like to buy a new postcards.补语（表语）My wish is to be a docto门n the future.The boys dream is to sail his bort around the world.adj.补语Tom advises me to see the doctor as soon as possible.My father expects me to work in this company after graduation.定语He is the first to come.It is the only chance for me to win the icme.Amy gives me a book to read.adv.状语1 follow him to go to the top of the hill.1 am sorry to break the window of the classroom.注意：1)形式主语(动词不定式作主语时，可 用it替代不定式的主语位置，it被成为形式主语,而真正的主语则被后置)It is+adj.+(for sb/of sb)to do sthIt is difficult for us to tell the difference between these two words.It takes sb.to do sthIt took me five hours to finish this task.2)形式宾语(动词不定式作宾语时，可 用it替代不定式的宾语位置，it被成为形式宾语,而真正的宾语则被后置)think/find/make it+adj.+(for sb/of sb)to do sthI find it difficult for me to work out this problem.3)用“疑问词+不定式”充当句子成分what to dowhen/how/why/who to do sthCould you tell me what to do now?(=Could you tell me what I should do now?)We havent decided what present to choose.(=We havent decided what present we willchoose.)Can you tell me when to visit my English teacher?(=Can you tell me when I can visit myEnglish teacher?)4)不带to 的不定式使役动词后跟不带to 的不定式make sb do sthlet sb do sthhave sb do sthe.g.The teacher made the little girl stay behind.表示感官感知的动词跟不带to 的不定式see/notice/watch/hear/feel sb do sthe.g.I heard her cry out in pain.一 为 什 么 to要省略？不定式和情态助动词一样，带有不确定的语气：e.g.He are right.（他是对的）He may be right.（他可能是对的）He seems to be right.（他好像是对的）试比较使役动词和一般动词的区别：The little girl asked her mother to come to the meeting.（不确定）-The little girl asked if her mother would come to the meeting.（不确定）The teacher made the little girl stay behind.（强制性）感官动词这种“听到、看到”的字眼，只能配合实际发生的事使用，而不能和带有“不确、未发生”含义的不定式连用。

中考英语选择题Doctors tell us our hands before and after every meal.A)wash B)washed C)washing D)to wash 不定式与动名词的比较不定式to do：强调不确定性，可以表示“要做、去做、将做”动名词doing：强调持续性，可以表示“正在做”几组代表性的动词：1.planThey plan to marry next month.-They plan that they will marry next month.2.avoidI avoid making the same mistake twice.(to make 是 will make 的省略)3.hateI hate to say this,but this is the worst food.(to say -have to say -must say)4.like/dislikeI like to be the first.(to be -I can be)I dont like to wait too long.(to wait -I will wait)I dislike standing in long lines.(dislike本身是否定,后面不适合接I will stand in long lines,且不像hate,没有“have to”的暗示。

)5.tryI always try to be on time.(to be on time -I can be on time)I wanted to clear the smoke from the room,so I tried opening the door.6.rememberPlease remember to give me a wake-up call at 6:00 tomorrow.(=Please remember you must give a wake-up call at 6:00 tomorrow.)I remember calling her at 6:00 last night.(=Please remember that I called her last night.)7.stopThe speaker stopped talking at the second bell,(talking -he was talking)The speaker stopped a second to drink some water.(to drink -he could drink)(=The speaker stopped a second so that he could drink some water.)【跟不定式to do的词】advice,afford,agree,allow,ask,begin,hope,decide,discuss,expect,encourage,fail,invite,know,learn,like,manage,make up ones mind to do,offer;plan,promise,refuse,start,tell,teach,want,warn,wish,would like【要跟do的词】have sb do,make sb do,let sb dowould rather do sthhad better do sth(than do)cant but dodo nothing but dohave nothing to do but dowhy do?why not do?help sb(to)do【跟动名词doing的词】admit,consider,deny,enjoy,finish,go,imagine,keep,mind,practice,prefer,suggest,be worth,be busy,be good at,be/get used to,be used for,do well in,do some.,go on,give up,feel like,keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth,payattention to,look forward to,prefer doing sth to doing sth,spend.(in)doingsth,what about,how about,Thank you for.即可接不定式又可接动名词，且意思差别较大的动词stop doing sth 停止做某事，即停止正在做的事stop to do sth 停止正在做的事，然后去做另外一件事remember doing sth 记得已经做过某件事remember to do sth 记得要去做某件事forget doing sth 忘记已做过的事forget to do sth 忘记要去做的事try doing sth 尝试着做某。