
新概念第四册课文音标版讲义Lesson 41.doc
4页41Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle.tuː meɪn tekˈniːks hæv biːn juːst fɔː ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈelɪfənts, wɪʧ wiː meɪ kɔːl rɪsˈpektɪvli ðə tʌf ænd ðə ˈʤentl.驯象有两种主要的方法,我们分别称之为强硬法和温柔法驯象有两种主要的方法,我们分别称之为强硬法和温柔法The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what is expected of him.ðə ˈfɔːmə ˈmeθəd ˈsɪmpli kənˈsɪsts ɒv ˈsetɪŋ ən ˈelɪfənt tuː wɜːk ænd ˈbiːtɪŋ hɪm ənˈtɪl hiː dʌz wɒt ɪz ɪksˈpektɪd ɒv hɪm.强硬法就是驱象去干活,把它打顺从为止。
强硬法就是驱象去干活,把它打顺从为止Apart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training,əˈpɑːt frɒm ˈeni ˈmɒrəl kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃᵊnz ðɪs ɪz ə ˈstjuːpɪd ˈmeθəd ɒv ˈtreɪnɪŋ,且不说道义问题,这本身就是一种愚蠢的训练方法,且不说道义问题,这本身就是一种愚蠢的训练方法,for it produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer.fɔːr ɪt ˈprɒdjuːsɪz ə rɪˈzentfʊl ˈænɪməl huː æt ə ˈleɪtə steɪʤ meɪ wel tɜːn mæn-ˈkɪlə.因为这种方法训练会使动物反感,在以后某个时期可能会变成伤人的动物因为这种方法训练会使动物反感,在以后某个时期可能会变成伤人的动物The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages,ðə ˈʤentl ˈmeθəd rɪˈkwaɪəz mɔː ˈpeɪʃəns ɪn ði ˈɜːli ˈsteɪʤɪz,温柔法要求在最初阶段保持较大的耐心,温柔法要求在最初阶段保持较大的耐心,but produces a cheerful, good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service.bʌt ˈprɒdjuːsɪz ə ˈʧɪəfʊl, ˈɡʊdˈtempəd ˈelɪfənt huː wɪl ɡɪv ˈmeni jɪəz ɒv ˈlɔɪəl ˈsɜːvɪs.但这种方法可以训练出性情愉快、脾气温顺,能忠实为人服务多年的大象。
但这种方法可以训练出性情愉快、脾气温顺,能忠实为人服务多年的大象The first essential in elephant training is to assign to the animal a single mahout who will be entirely responsible for the job.ðə fɜːst ɪˈsenʃəl ɪn ˈelɪfənt ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪz tuː əˈsaɪn tuː ði ˈænɪməl ə ˈsɪŋɡl məˈhaʊt huː wɪl biː ɪnˈtaɪəli rɪsˈpɒnsəbᵊl fɔː ðə ʤɒb.驯象中至关生要的是指派一名专门的驯象员,全面负责这项工作驯象中至关生要的是指派一名专门的驯象员,全面负责这项工作Elephants like to have one master just as dogs do, and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection.ˈelɪfənts laɪk tuː hæv wʌn ˈmɑːstə ʤʌst æz dɒɡz duː, ænd ɑː ˈkeɪpəbᵊl ɒv ə kənˈsɪdərəbᵊl dɪˈɡriː ɒv ˈpɜːsnl əˈfekʃᵊn.大象和狗一样,喜欢有一个专一的主人,而且会对主人产生相当深厚的私人感情。
大象和狗一样,喜欢有一个专一的主人,而且会对主人产生相当深厚的私人感情There are even stories of half-trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pined to death when by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer.ðeər ɑːr ˈiːvən ˈstɔːriz ɒv hɑːf-treɪnd ˈelɪfənt kɑːvz huː hæv ˌriːˈfjuːzd tuː fiːd ænd paɪnd tuː deθ wen baɪ sʌm ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbᵊl ˈsɜːkəmstəns ðeɪ hæv biːn dɪˈpraɪvd ɒv ðeər əʊn ˈtreɪnə.甚至有这样的故事:训练了一半的小象,由于不可避免的情况与他们的主人分离后,竟拒绝吃食,消瘦至死甚至有这样的故事:训练了一半的小象,由于不可避免的情况与他们的主人分离后,竟拒绝吃食,消瘦至死Such extreme cases must probably be taken with a grain of salt,sʌʧ ɪksˈtriːm ˈkeɪsɪz mʌst ˈprɒbəbli biː ˈteɪkən wɪð ə ɡreɪn ɒv sɒlt,这种极端的事例虽不可全信,这种极端的事例虽不可全信,but they do underline the general principle that the relationship between elephant and mahout is the key to successful training.bʌt ðeɪ duː ˈʌndəlaɪn ðə ˈʤenərəl ˈprɪnsəpl ðæt ðə rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp bɪˈtwiːn ˈelɪfənt ænd məˈhaʊt ɪz ðə kiː tuː səkˈsesfʊl ˈtreɪnɪŋ.但强调了一项基本原则,象和驯象员之间的关系是驯象成功与否的关健。
但强调了一项基本原则,象和驯象员之间的关系是驯象成功与否的关健The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between fifteen and twenty years,ðə məʊst ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkəl eɪʤ tuː ˈkæpʧər ən ˈelɪfənt fɔː ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪz bɪˈtwiːn ˈfɪfˈtiːn ænd ˈtwenti jɪəz,捕捉15至20岁之间年龄的大象进行驯象最为经济捕捉15至20岁之间年龄的大象进行驯象最为经济for it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away.fɔːr ɪt ɪz ðen ˈɔːlməʊst ˈredi tuː ˌʌndəˈteɪk ˈhevi wɜːk ænd kæn bɪˈɡɪn tuː ɜːn ɪts kiːp streɪt əˈweɪ.这个年龄的象差不多已能干重活,可以很快挣回饲养它的开支。
这个年龄的象差不多已能干重活,可以很快挣回饲养它的开支But animals of this age do not easily become subservient to man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages.bʌt ˈænɪməlz ɒv ðɪs eɪʤ duː nɒt ˈiːzɪli bɪˈkʌm səbˈsɜːviənt tuː mæn, ænd ə ˈveri fɜːm hænd mʌst biː ɪmˈplɔɪd ɪn ði ˈɜːli ˈsteɪʤɪz.但这个年龄的象不易驯服,因此开始阶段需要有一位强有力的老手但这个年龄的象不易驯服,因此开始阶段需要有一位强有力的老手The captive elephant, still roped to a tree, plunges and screams every time a man approaches,ðə ˈkæptɪv ˈelɪfənt, stɪl rəʊpt tuː ə triː, ˈplʌnʤɪz ænd skriːmz ˈevri taɪm ə mæn əˈprəʊʧɪz,捕来拴在树上的大象,每当有人走近它时,就会向前猛冲并发出尖叫,捕来拴在树上的大象,每当有人走近它时,就会向前猛冲并发出尖叫,and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear.ænd fɔː ˈsevrəl deɪz wɪl ˈprɒbəbli ˌriːˈfjuːz ɔːl fuːd θruː ˈæŋɡər ænd fɪə.甚至一连几于都由于愤怒和恐惧而拒绝进食。
甚至一连几于都由于愤怒和恐惧而拒绝进食Sometimes a tame elephant is tethered nearby to give the wild one confidence,ˈsʌmtaɪmz ə teɪm ˈelɪfənt ɪz ˈteðəd ˈnɪəbaɪ tuː ɡɪv ðə waɪld wʌn ˈkɒnfɪdəns,有时,把一头已驯服的象拴在旁边能给野象以信心有时,把一头已驯服的象拴在旁边能给野象以信心and in most cases the captive gradually quietens down and begins to accept its food.ænd ɪn məʊst ˈkeɪsɪz ðə ˈkæptɪv ˈɡrædjʊəli ˈkwaɪətnz daʊn ænd bɪˈɡɪnz tuː əkˈsept ɪts fuːd.在大多数情况下,刚博来的象会慢慢静下来,接着开始吃食在大多数情况下,刚博来的象会慢慢静下来,接着开始吃食The next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment,ðə nekst steɪʤ ɪz tuː ɡet ði ˈelɪfənt tuː ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪsˈtæblɪʃmənt,下一步就是把象带到训。





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