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学习般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句.doc

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  • 学习般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句
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  • 常见问题
    • 疑问句(questions)指提出问题,请对方回答的句子疑问句句末要用问号按结构可分为四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句 (一)一般疑问句 1、一般疑问句概述 一般疑问句(general questions) ,也可称为 “yes/no” questions(是否型问句) ,因为它一般是由 yes 或 no 回答的,如: —Can you swim to the other side ? —Yes, I can. —No,I can’t —Have you locked the door? —Yes,I have. —No,I haven’t. 2 一般疑问句的结构 (1)基本的结构为:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调,如: Are they your friends? Does he go to school on foot? Will you be free tonight? Can you play basketball?(2)陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句,多用在非正式文体中,句末有问号,用升调,如: Somebody is with you? He didn’t finish the work? You are fresh from America,I suppose? 3、一般疑问句的答语 (1)一般疑问句一般由 yes 或 no 来回答,如: —Are you tired?—Yes,I am.。

      —No, I’m not—Does she do the cleaning?—Yes ,she does. —No, she doesn’t.(2)回答一般疑问句除了用 yes 或 no 外,也可用 certainly,probably,perhaps ,of course,all right,with pleasure 等代替 yes,用 never,not at all 等代替 no,如: —Can you help me? —Certainly. —Could you please make less noise? —All right,sir. —Have you been there? —Never.4、一般疑问句的否定式 (1)一般疑问句的否定式,一般结构为系动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语;也可为系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+not,如: Do you not/Don’t you believe me? Believe me? Is it not / Isn’t it a lovely day? Are you not / Aren’t you coming? Will you not /Won’t you sit down? Is he not / Isn’t he a doctor? Does Helen not /Doesn’t Helen like chocolate? Will he not /Won’t he go with you?(2)否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问,它常常带有感情色彩。

      否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些 1)否定疑问句常常带有惊异、赞叹或责难等语气,如: Haven’t you read the newspaper? Won’t he come?2)否定疑问句有时暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答,如: Shouldn’t we start now? Wasn’t it an interesting film? 3)否定疑问句有时用来表示邀请或建议,如: Wouldn’t you like to go with me? Won’t you have a cup of coffee? (3)否定的一般疑问句的答语中,yes 的含义为“ 不”,no 的含义为“是”,但在回答这类句子时,应该注意yes 后接肯定结构,no 后接否定结构,这和汉语习惯不同,如: —Are you not Mr Smith? —Yes,I am.—No,I am not—Haven’t you read this book before? —Yes ,I have.—No,I haven’t. —Don’t you play chess?—Yes ,I do. —No,I don’t. 教你一招:在这样的答语中,只要根据实际情况来判断,如果事实上是,就要用 yes;如果事实上不是,就要用 no。

      (二)特殊疑问句 1、特殊疑问句概述 特殊疑问句(special questions) ,也可称为“wh”-questions,因为它们多数都以who,where,when ,which ,whose,why 这类词开头,如: Who is it on the phone? How many oranges can you see in the picture? Where did you last see it? What did you eat yesterday? How do you usually go to school? 2、特殊疑问句的构成及用法 (1)它的结构一般为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,即:特殊疑问词+be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语+ 谓语/表语+(其他),如: What can be done about it? Which are yours?Who would like to come for a game of football? What did you say?你说什么? Why didn’t you tell me? (2)特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词,如: Which present did you give to whom? When and where did you meet?(3)特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首,如: By whom is the book written?Since when have you lived here ? (4)疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的语序相同,如: Who is in the room?(5) “why+一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等,而不能归为特殊问句,如: Why don’t you come earlier? Why not go skiing? 3、特殊疑问词 特殊疑问词可分为两类:疑问代词和疑问副词 (1)疑问代词主要有五个,分别为:who,whom,which,what ,whose。

      它们没有性和数的变化,除了who 外也没有格的变化who 作主语, 用来指人Who is the girl under the tree? Who is not here? Whom 作宾语,用来指人 Whom are you writing to? Whom do you want to see? Whose 用来指所属关系,如果作定语,一般后接名词 Whose pen is this? Whose are those shoes? Which 用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择Which girls will be in the sports meeting? Which hat is lily’s ? What 通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下What can you see in the picture? What is in the teacher’s room? (2)疑问副词包括 when,where ,why,how 及 how 与其他副词和形容词组成的疑问词when 询问时间 When will she return?Where 询问地点 Where do you come from? Why 询问原因Why are you late for school?How 询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school? How old 询问年龄 How old is Jim’s little brother? How much/many 询问数量 How many friends do you have? How far 询问距离 How far is it from your home to school?How long 询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing? How often 询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents? How soon 询问时间 How soon will you come back?4、特殊疑问句的答语 特殊疑问句的答语的重点是对疑问词的回答非所问,因此,不再需要用 yes 或 no。

      在回答时,可以用一个词或词组,也可以用一个较为完整的句子 Who has borrowed my bike? Jack. Jack has borrowed your bike. When did he borrow my bike? This morning. He borrowed your bike this morning. Where is he?At the office. He is at the office. (三)选择疑问句 1、选择疑问句概述 选择疑问句(alternative questions)一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,供选择的两部分由 or 连接,前者用升调,后者用降调,如: Will you go there by bus or by train? How many pens do you have ,one or two? 2、一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句 Is it right or wrong? Were you or he there?Are they reading,chatting or watching television? Do you want to go there by land or by air? 3、特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句 Which do you like better,coffee or milk? What colour is it,red,blue or yellow? Where are you going,to the classroom or to the library? 4、or not 构成的选择疑问句 Do you want to buy it or not? Are you ready or not? 5、选择疑问句的答非所问语 选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能用 yes 或 no,如: —Do you go to work by bus or by bike? —By bus —Which would you like, tea or coffee? —Coffee.6、or 连接的选择疑问句 并列部分可以是多种句子成分 (1)表语,如: —Are you an Englishman or an American? —I’m from Englan。

      (2)状语,如: —Is the delegation arriving today or tomorrow? —Today,I think.(3)宾语,如: —Would you like coffee or tea? 。

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