英语语法知识点详解abide.docx

英语语法知识点详解abideabide▲ transitive verb及物动词: 容忍、忍受to bear/to tolerate/to put up with/to stand◆ can't abide (Collins)If you can't abide someone or something, you dislike them very much.（因十分厌恶而）不能容忍，无法容忍★ A good housekeeper cannot abide dirt.★ 一个好管家绝不容忍有灰尘存在★ I can't abide people who can't make up their minds.★ 我受不了优柔寡断的人★ She couldn't abide his success.★ 她见不得他成功▲ intransitive verb不及物动词：◆ abide by (Collins): to follow/ to comply with/ to observeIf you abide by a law, an agreement, or a decision, you do what it says you should do.遵守、遵循（法律、协议或决定等）★ Please abide by the traffic regulations.★ 请遵守交通规则。

★ Companies wishing to join will have to abide by a code of conduct.★希望加入的公司必须遵守行为准则★ Competitors must abide by the judges’ decision.★ 竞争者必须遵守裁判的决定▲ abiding◆ adjective (Longman): enduring/ lastingAn abiding feeling or belief continues for a long time and is not likely to change（情感、信念等）持久的、长久的、始终不渝的★ Andy has a deep and abiding love for his family.★ 安迪深厚不渝地爱着他的家人★ His father had an abiding interest in nature.★ 他的父亲对大自然有着浓厚的兴趣★ But her abiding passions were medieval history and archaeology which she continued to study all her life.★ 但她钟爱中世纪历史和考古学，毕生都在学习。

▲law-abiding◆ adjective (Collins):A law-abiding person always obeys the law and is considered to be good and honest because of this.(因遵纪守法而被认为善良诚实) 遵纪守法的★ There is a tendency to look back at a time when people were more peaceful and law-abiding.★ 人们往往回想起更加和平和守法的年代★ These men are all decent, tax-paying, law-abiding people.★ 这些人都是体面的、纳税的守法公民★ I am anxious that the law should protect decent, law-abiding citizens and their property.★我希望法律应该保护体面的守法公民及其财产First, let’s explore when WHETHER and IF can be interchangeable：首先，我们来看一下，在什么情况下，WHETHER 和 IF 是可以互换的：◆ When asking indirect yes or no questions, WHETHER and IF can be interchangeable. But WHETHER is a little bit more formal.当涉及间接一般疑问句时，WHETHER 和 IF 是可以互换的，但WHETHER更正式一些。

★ I call the restaurant to see if / whether it was open.我给餐馆打确认它是否开门★ Can you tell me if / whether the train is coming soon?你能否告诉我列车是否快要进站了？★ I'm unsure if/whether my answer is correct.我不确定我的答案是否是正确的★ She wondered if/whether his story was true.她想知道他的故事是否是真实的Now let’s look at when we must use IF：现在，我们来看一下，在什么情况下，我们只能使用IF：◆ We can only use IF in conditional sentences.在条件句中，我们只能使用IF★ If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.如果我中彩票了，我会买一所大房子★ If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我会呆在家里。

★ Please contact us if you have any further questions.如有任何问题，请联系我们Now, let’s have a look at when we must use WHETHER：现在，我们来看一下，在什么情况下，我们只能使用WHETHER：◆ We must use WHETHER when there are two options.在有两种选项的情况下，我们只能使用WHETHER★ I don’t know whether he prefers TEA or COFFEE.我不知道他更喜欢茶还是咖啡★ I don’t know whether the meeting is on Tuesday or Thursday.我不知道会议时间是星期二还是星期四★ I don’t know if the meeting is on Tuesday or Thursday, or if it’s next week.我不知道会议时间是星期二还是星期四，或者是下周◆ We must use WHETHER before infinitive verbs.在动词不定式前，我们只能使用WHETHER。

★ I am wondering whether TO CHANGE our reservations.我在想是否要更改我们的预订★ I don’t know whether TO BUY the blue one or the red one.我不知道该买蓝色的还是红色的★ Have you decided whether TO GO to university?是否去上大学，你决定好了吗？◆ We must use WHETHER after prepositions.介词后面，我们必须使用WHETHER★ I’m thinking ABOUT whether to accept this job.我一直在思考是否接受这份工作★ We’re having a conversation ABOUT whether this would work.我们正在讨论这个是否可行★ It’s not a question OF whether it’s possible.这不是一个关于是否可能的问题★ Later I argued with the doctor ABOUT whether I had hit my head.后来我和医生争论我是否撞到了头。

★ We’re not interested IN whether we get great jobs and that kind of thing, we just want to have a good time.我们对是否找到好工作之类的事情不感兴趣，我们只想过得开心◆ whether or not 结构中：无论、不管、是否★ We are going whether or not you decide to come along.不管你是否决定一起去，我们都会去★ The parade will go on whether it rains or not.无论是否下雨，游行都会继续进行★ Can you tell me whether or not you’re interested in the job.能否告诉我你对这份工作是否感兴趣？★ I called Bill to find out whether or not he really did go to Afghanistan.I called Bill to find out whether he really did go to Afghanistan or not.我给比尔打，想知道他是否真的去了阿富汗。