2020新译林版高中英语选择性第二册unit3单词表（详解版）.docx

新牛津译林版高中英语•第二册词汇表Unit 3　Helping people（共44个生词和短语）*mourn verb [T, I] （因失去……而）哀悼，忧伤~ sth︱~ (for sb / sth)　SYN grieve formourner noun 吊唁者；哀悼者mournful adj. 忧伤的；悲痛的　SYN melancholymournfully adv.mourning noun [U] ①伤逝；哀悼　SYN grief　②丧服*shatter verb ①[I, T]（使）破碎，碎裂　~ (into sth)︱~ sth (into sth)②[T, I]（使感情、希望或信念等）粉碎，破灭；被粉碎；被破坏~ sth (into sth)︱~ (into sth)③[T]使极为惊愕难过；给予极大打击　~ sbshattered adj. ①非常惊愕难过的；遭受极大打击的②（BrE）筋疲力尽的　SYN exhaustedshattering adj. ①令人非常惊愕难过的；给人以极大打击的②非常响亮的　SYN deafening　shatteringly adv.*ash noun ①[U]灰；灰烬　②ashes[pl.]灰烬；废墟　③ashes[pl.]骨灰*utter adj. [only before noun] 完全的；十足的；彻底的utterly adv.verb 出声；说；讲　~ sthutterance noun ①[U]用言语的表达；说话②[C]话语；言论humanitarian adj. [usually before noun]人道主义的（主张减轻人类苦难、改善人类生活）；慈善的humanitarian nounhumanitarianism noun [U]uphold verb（upheld, upheld）①支持，维护（正义等）　~ sth②（尤指法庭）维持，确认（原判、裁决等）　~ sthto uphold a conviction / an appeal / a complaint 维持原判；受理上诉 / 申诉upholder noun*fulfil（NAmE fulfill）verb（fulfilling, fulfilled, fulfilled）①实现　~ sth　to fulfil your dream / ambition / potential实现梦想 / 抱负；发挥潜力②履行；执行；符合；具备　~ sthto fulfil a duty / an obligation / a promise履行职责 / 义务 / 诺言to fulfil the terms / conditions of an agreement执行协定条款 / 条件③起……作用；目的是　~ sth④使高兴；使满意　~ sb / yourselffulfilment（BrE）（NAmE fulfillment）nounfulfilled adj. 感到满足的；觉得满意的；满足的　OPP unfulfilledfulfilling adj. 让人感觉有意义的；令人满足的　OPP unfulfilling*litre（US liter） noun（abbr. l） 升（容量单位，等于英国的1.76品脱或美国的2.11品脱）*framework noun ①（建筑物或物体的）构架；框架；结构②（作为判断、决定等基础的）信仰，观点，准则　~ (of / for sth)③（体系的）结构，机制frame noun ①[C]（图画、门、玻璃等的）框架②[C]（家具、建筑物、车辆等的）构架，支架，骨架③[C, usually pl.]眼镜框　④[C, usually sing.]体形；身材；骨架　to have a small / slender / large frame　小的 / 苗条的 / 大的体形⑤[sing.]（构成某事物背景的）总的思想，体系，体制，模式verb ①[usually passive]给……做框；给……镶边　~ sth②[usually passive]作伪证陷害　~ sb (for sth)③制订；拟订　~ sth　④（以某种方式）表达　~ sth*distressing adj. 使人痛苦的；令人苦恼的distressingly adv.distressed adj. ①烦恼的；忧虑的；苦恼的②痛苦的；身体虚弱的③（衣服或家具）刻意磨损以显老旧的；做旧的④（商）贫困的；窘迫的；受经济困扰的distress noun [U] ①忧虑；悲伤；痛苦②贫困；窘迫；困苦　SYN hardshipeconomic / financial distress　经济拮据；财政困难③（船、飞机等）遇难，遇险　a distress signal　求救信号verb 使忧虑；使悲伤；使苦恼　~ sb︱~ yourselfbuilding block noun ①[C] 积木；塑料积木②building blocks [pl.]组成部分；构成要素*prosperous adj. 繁荣的；成功的；兴旺的　SYN affluentprosperity noun [U]兴旺；繁荣；成功；昌盛　SYN affluence*inadequate adj. 不充分的；不足的；不够的~ (for sth)︱~ (to do sth)　OPP adequate②（人）不胜任的；缺乏信心的　SYN incompetentinadequately adv.*helmet noun 头盔；防护帽*deploy verb ①（术语）部署，调度（军队或武器）　~ sb / sth②（formal）有效地利用；调动　~ sthto deploy arguments / resources　利用论据 / 资源deployment noun [U, C]*sacrifice noun ①[C, U]牺牲；舍弃②[C, U]祭献；祭祀；祭献的牲畜；祭品　~ (to sb)verb ①[T]牺牲；献出　~ sth for sb / sth︱~ sth②[T, I]以（人或动物）作祭祀　~ (sb / sth)displace verb [often passive]①取代；替代；置换　~ sb / sth　SYN replace②迫使（某人）离开家园　~ sb③移动；挪开；转移　~ sth④（especially NAmE）撤职；免职；使失业　~ sbdisplacement noun [U] ①取代；替代；移位；免职②[C]（物）排水量displaced person noun（pl. displaced persons）（术语）难民；流亡者*flee verb（fled, fled）[I, T, no passive]迅速离开；（害怕有危险）逃避；逃跑~ from sb / sth︱~ to… / ~ into…︱~ sth*refugee noun 避难者；逃亡者；难民refuge noun ①[U]庇护；避难　~ (from sb / sth)②[C]避难所；庇护者；慰藉　~ (from sb / sth)③[C]收容所；避难所④（BrE）= traffic island 安全岛（供行人避让车辆）*famine noun [C, U]饥荒chickpea noun（NAmE usually garbanzo, garbanzo bean）鹰嘴豆（浅棕色的硬圆豆，可烹食）*harsh adj. ①残酷的；严酷的；严厉的②（天气或生活环境）恶劣的；艰苦的a harsh winter / wind / climate寒冷的冬天；凛冽的风；恶劣的气候③强烈刺眼的；丑陋的　OPP soft　④刺耳的；难听的⑤粗糙的；毛糙的；刺激性强的harshly adv.　harshness noun [U]*arid adj. ①（土地或气候）干旱的；干燥的②枯燥的；乏味的；毫无新意的aridity noun [U]*toll noun ①[C]（道路、桥梁的）通行费a toll road / bridge　收费道路 / 桥梁②[C, usually sing.]（战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏；伤亡人数③[sing.]（缓慢而有规律的）钟声④[C]（NAmE）长途费take a heavy toll (on sb / sth)︱take its toll (on sb / sth)产生恶果；造成重大损失（或伤亡、灾难等）verb [I, T] （缓慢而有规律地）敲（钟）；（尤指）鸣（丧钟）~ (for sb)︱~ sth*hydroponics noun [U]水培；溶液栽培　hydr(o) combining form（构成名词、形容词和副词）　①与水有关的；水的　②（化）含氢的；氢化的*livestock noun [U, pl.]牲畜；家畜*persistent adj. ①执着的；不屈不挠的；坚持不懈的a persistent offender　惯犯②连绵的；持续的；反复出现的　SYN unrelentingpersistently adv.persist verb ①[I, T]顽强地坚持；执着地做　~ (in doing sth)︱~ (in sth)︱~ (with sth)︱+ speech②[I]维持；保持；持续存在persistence noun [U] ①坚持；锲而不舍②持续存在；维持windscreen wiper（NAmE windshield wiper）（also wiper BrE, NAmE）noun挡风玻璃刮水器；风挡雨雪刷；雨刮器*furious adj. ①狂怒的；暴怒的~ (at sth / sb)︱~ (with sb / youself)︱~ (that…)②激烈的；猛烈的；高速的；盛怒的　furiously adv.fury noun ①[U]狂怒；暴怒；狂暴；大发雷霆　SYN rage②[sing.]狂怒；暴怒　SYN rage③the Furies [pl.]（古希腊神话）复仇三女神like fury　拼命；猛烈；迅猛*rear-view mirror noun 后视镜*despair noun [U]绝望　be the despair of sb　令某人担心（或绝望）verb [I]绝望；失去希望；丧失信心　~ of sth / sb︱~ of doing sth*drum noun ①鼓　②（装油或化学剂的）大桶　③鼓状物　beat / bang the drum (for sb / sth)　（为……）竭力鼓吹，摇旗呐喊　verb ①[I]打鼓；击鼓　②[T, I]连续敲击……使发出咚咚声；不停地击打　~ (sth) on sth*gasp verb ①[I, T]（尤指由于惊讶或疼痛而）喘气，喘息，倒抽气~ (at sth)︱+ speech②[I, T]透不过气；气喘吁吁地说　~ (for sth)︱~ (sth) (out)︱+ speech③be gasping (for sth) [I, T]渴望，很想要（尤指饮料或香。