
最新小升初英语必考知识点归纳.pdf
35页最新小升初英语必考知识点归纳第一篇、基础知识1.字母:26 个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU 12 个单元音:长元音:/:/,/?:/,/?:/,/i:/,/u:/短元音:/?/e/i/?/u/?/3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号一、第二部分:语法知识一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数1一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds 2以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches 3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries 4以“或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es,如:knife-knives 5不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea(二)名词的格(1)有生命的东西的名词所有格:a)单数后加 s 如:Lucy s ruler my father s shirtb)以 s 结尾的复数名词后加如:his friends bagsc)不以 s 结尾的复数后加s childrens shoes并列名词中,如果把加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:Tom and Mike s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加s Tom s and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of 名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China 二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a/an a unit/an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an:an egg/an apple/an orange/an eraser/an answer/an ID card/an alarm clock/an actor/an actress/an e-mail/an address/an event/an example/an opera/an houran old man/an interesting book/an exciting sport/an action movie/an art lesson/(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane 2.用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater.The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.(4)在序数词前:Johns birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中:in the morning/afternoon/evening 不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.(2)名词前有定语:this,that,my,your,some,any,no 等:This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can t swim.They are teachers.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day.Its Sunday.(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class.He plays chess at home.*但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus 三、代词:人称代词,物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一单数I(我)me my(我的)人称复数we(我们)us our(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)you your(你的)复数you(你们)you your(你们的)第三人称单数he(他)him his(他的)she(她)her her(她的)it(它)it its(它的)复数they(他们/她们/它们)them their(他们的/她们的/它们的)四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。
比较级前面可以用more,a little来修饰表示程度than 后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)2形容词加er 的规则:一般在词尾加er;以字母e 结尾,加r;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 er;以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y 变 i,再加er3不规则形容词比较级:good-better,beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别(有 be 用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be 动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better,far-farther)五 数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词(1)1-20 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45forty five,56fifty-six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one(3)101999 先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586five hundred and eighty-six,803eight hundred and three(4)l,000 以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为 billion 1,001one thousand and one18,423 eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three 6,260,309 six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000 seven hundred and fifty billion二、序数词(1)一般在基数词后加th eg.fourfourth,thirteenthirteenth(2)不规则变化onefirst,twosecond,three third,five fifth,eight eighth,nine ninth,twelve twelfth(3)以 y 结尾的十位整数,变y 为 ie 再加 th twenty twentieth,fortyfortieth,nine ty ninetieth(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.八去 t,九去 e,ve要用 f 替ty 将 y 变成 i,th 前面有个e.若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序六、介词:常用介词:in,on,at,behind等1.at表示时间概念的某一个点在某时刻、时间、阶段等)00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2 on 1)表示具体日期注:(1)关于 在周末 的几种表示法:(on)在周末-特指(on)在周末-泛指在整个周末在周末期间at1attheweekendatweekendsovertheweekendduringtheweekend(2)在圣诞节,应说at C而不说on Christm2)在(刚)的时候On reaching the city he called up his parents一到城里他就给父母打了一个3 in 1)表示 时段、时期 ,在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)七、动词:动词的四种时态:(1)一般现在时:一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)如:We study English.我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语动词+s 的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks hristmasas2 以 s.x.sh.ch.o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i,再加-es,如:study-studies(2)一般过去时:动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有:、规则动词一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked,learned,cleaned,visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加d:如lived,danced,used 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词要改y 为 i 再加 ed(此类动词较少)如study studied carry carried worry worried (注意 play、stay 不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped 、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang,eat ate,see saw,have had,do did,go went,take took,buy bought,get got,read read,fly flew,am/is was,are were,say said,leave left,swim swam,tell told,draw drew,come came,lose lost,find found,drink drank,hurt hurt,feel felt(3)一般将来时:基本结构:be going to+do;。












