强读和弱读

Strong Forms& Weak Forms,强读和弱读,弱读,一个英文单词如果由多个音节构成，那么其中至少有一个音节是重音；如果，音节足够多的话，那么可能还有次重音以及一个以上的重音。 同样的道理，一个句子由多个单词构成，那么，其中总是有至少一个单词被强读，而相对来看，其它的单词会被弱读。,弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成 或i 。 如下几个单词：at, of, the, to, as, than, and, or, his, a, an, but, been, for, her, we, be, shall, was, them, 弱读的频率达到90，其中a, an, the, than极少用强式。 查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如for: 重读时f: , 弱读时 f；as的强读形式是/ æz/ ，弱读形式是/z/。,大多助动词、系动词、介词、连词、冠词、代词，都有两种发音形式：强读式、弱读式。 这些单词往往都是单音节单词。,弱读的形式,1.大多数有弱读形式的单词中，元音都变成了/ /； at / t/ ; as /z/; had / hd/；must /mst/ 2有少数几个单词的弱读形式变成了i /； be /i/； been /bin/； me /mi/； the /ði/ 3.有时，一些常用词的弱读形式中省略了一个元音。 am /m/； has/z/； have /v/； is / z / 4. 有时，一些常用的弱读形式中省略了一个辅音。 and / n/； have / v/； would /d/； her /:/,要在连贯说话中应用弱读形式，不是懂得了道理就能学会的，也不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，需要通过大量的模仿和练习才能学好。,朗读下列句子，注意弱读,1) to /t/ but /bt/ I want to come but I can't. 2) and /nd/ He's rich and famous. 3) than /ðn/ /ðn/ Better than that. He's older than she is. 4) but /bt/ She wants to sing but she can't. 5) such /st/ We have problems, such as pollution.,6) some /sm/ There are some copies here. 7) any /ni/ There aren't any more. 8) he /hi/ Does he want any? 9) her /h/ I've met her mother. 10) him /im/ Tell him I'd like to. 11) them /ðm/ /ðm/ I haven't seen them yet.,12) you /j/ What do you think? 13) your /j/ Take your time. 14) us /s/ Let us think it over. 15) that /ðt/ This is the house that Jack built. 16) at /t/ At least one. 17) for /f/ It's for you.,18) from /frm/ He comes from England. 19) of /v/ I'd love a cup of tea. 20) to /t/ You ought to go. 21) an /n/ I'd like an apple. 22) the /ð/ /ði/ That's the one. 23) am /m/ I'm going now.,24) are / Where are you going? 25) is /z/ /s/ He's here. My hat is here. 26) was /wz/ Was he there? 27) were /w/ We were very pleased. 28) have /hv/, /v/, /v/ They've left. Have any been lost?,29) had /hd/, /d/ They had better hurry. 30) has /z/ What has he done? He has just arrived. 31) do /du/, /d/ Do you think so? 32) does /dz/ When does he leave? 33) can /kn/, /kn/ Can you hear me? 34) could /kd/ Could you do it now?,35) should /d/ How should I know? 36) there /ð/ There is nothing left. There are not enough. 37) shall /l, l/ How shall I do like that? 38) when /wn/ Her parents had been dead when she was a child. 39) will /l, l/ He will go back home tomorrow. 40) would /wd, d, d/ He would be happy if he had passed the exam.,弱读问题对策,1.反复聆听，熟悉弱读。 单词的弱读会导致考生实际听到的发音与自己熟悉的发音出现偏差，因此在平时复习时，考生应留意单词在句中的弱读，并对其进行反复聆听，直至完全熟悉该弱读现象 2熟记常见习语中的弱读。 平时记忆听力短文、对话中的常见习语时，应注意其中是否含有单词的弱读，并将其与这些习语一并牢记。,强读,1. When the question is answered in short form, the auxiliary verb should adopt the strong form, like: -Will you come tomorrow? -Yes, I will.,2. When the prep is placed at the end of a sentence, it should adopt the strong form. -Who is he waiting for?,3. When the prep is followed by an unstressed personal pronoun, it should be the strong form. -Ive been waiting for you.,弱读与强读的区别,1）弱读形式和强读形式各自的元音不同。 2）弱读音节中常常省略了某一个音。,如果一个单词被强读 ，那么这个单词中的： 长元音会被读的很清楚，并且显得更长一些； 双元音会被读的很饱满，并且显得很有弹性； 落在重音上的短元音都会显得更长一些； 重音所在的音节可能带着不同的语调（升调、降调、降升调）,如果一个单词被弱读，那么这个单词中的： 长元音会变得短一些（几乎与短元音的长度相当）； 重音音节会变得与非重音音阶一样轻； 很多元音都会发生变化，向/靠拢； 轻辅音/s/、/t/、/k/、/f/之后的元音/可能会直接被省略掉,Practice,Have you ever tried Dianas Cakes? They are so delicious. I have eaten many different kinds of cakes. But I have never tasted anything, quite like cakes made by Diane. She uses the best and the finest ingredients that money can buy. The best flour, the best eggs and the best milk.,Have you ever tried Dianes Cakes? They are so delicious. I have eaten many different kinds of cakes, but, I have never tasted anything, quite like cakes made by Diane. she uses the finest and freshest ingredients that money can buy. The best flour, the best eggs and the best milk.,Some examples of strong / weak forms: Weak form Sample sentence,1. a /eI/ / We've got a dog. 2. an /æn/ /n/ Take an apple. 3. her /h:/ /h/, /:/, / What's her name? 4. his /hIz/ /Iz/ John had his haircut. 5. our /a/ /:/ We can do it on our own. 6. some /sm/ /sm/, /sm/ Get me some water. 7. the /ði:/ /ðI/, /ð/ They saw the young and the old. 8. your /j:/ /j/ Take your time. 9. he /hi:/ /hI/, /I/ What did he do? 10. me /mi:/ /mI/ Let me have a look.,Words,SF,11. she /i:/ /I/ Did she come? 12. them /ðem/ /ðm/, /ðm/ Let them go. 13. us /s/ /s/ He told us a story. 14. we /wi:/ /wI/ Here we are. 15. you /ju:/ /j/ Did you see my pen? 16. him /hIm/ /Im/ Give him a pen. 17. am /æm/ /m/, /m/ I'm proud of it. 18. are /:/ / What are you doing? 19. be /bi:/ /bI/ Don't be late. 20. can /kæn/ /kn/, /kn/ What can I do?,Words SF Weak form Sample sentence,21. do /du:/ /d/, /d/ What do you do on Sundays? 22. does /dz/ /dz/ When does the train leave? 23. had /hæd/ /hd/, /d/, /d/ How many had he had? 24. has /hæz/ /hz/, /z/, /z/, /s/ What has happened? 25. have /hæv/ /hv/, /v/, /v/