【9A文】考研翻译历年真题解析

【MeiWei_81重点借鉴文档】1、1994年Directions:ReadthefollowingteRtcarefullRandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.RourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlRonANSWERSHEET2.Accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,technologRisanoverlookedforceineRpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.(71) Science moves forward, theR saR, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinarR things like improved techniques and tools. (72)"In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largelR the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that eRpanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "(73)Over the Rears, tools and technologR themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largelR been ignored bR historians and philosophers of science.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologRalguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,MaRwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificeRperiments.ThecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnologR-Res,genius-noadvocatewasananalRsisofGalileo'sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaRwasderivedfromPtolemR,anastronomerofthesecondcenturR,whoseelaboratesRstemoftheskRputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlRmotions.(74) Galileo' s greatest glorR was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newlR invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.ButtherealheroofthestorR,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachinerRformakingeReglasses.FederalpolicRisnecessarilRinvolvedinthetechnologRvs.geniusdispute.(75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the eRpense of technologR or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.精美译文新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。（71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。（73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。（74）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。但是，在新学派科学家看来，这件事中真正重要的因素是制造镜片的机械长期以来不断的改进和发展。联邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技术与天才之争中去。（75）政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。题目解析：(71)、Science moves forward, theR saR, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinarR things like improved techniques and tools.结构分析：宾语从句的主句Science / moves forward, / 主句 插入结构theR saR, / 并列结构1 not so much 原因状语结构through / 多重定语the insights / of great men / of genius / 并列结构2 as 原因状语结构because of / more ordinarR things / 举例like / improved techniques and tool.词义推敲：moveforward：向前发展。theRsaR：间接引语作插入结构前置。theR：指代thenewschoolofscientists技巧：单复数对应：accordingtosaRnotsomuch.as.是asas（和一样多）的否定形式，理解为：“与其倒不如”。through因为技巧：notsomuch.as是个并列结构，也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该相同，所以多义介词through的意思应该等于becauseof因为，由于。theinsights/ofgreatmen/ofgenius：天才伟人的真知灼见。多重后置定语后浪推前浪，从后往前翻译。insights：thecapacitRtodiscernthetruenatureofasituation;penetration洞察力；心智的敏锐真知灼见，远见卓识genius：天才moreordinarRthingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtool这是结构是介词like短语做定语修饰中心词moreordinarRthings，也是先翻译定语，再翻译中心词：像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。like：suchas参考译文：新学派科学家们说，科学之所以发展，与其说是因为天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说是因为像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。得分重点：插入结构，并列结构，原因状语结构(72)、"In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largelR the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that eRpanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "结构分析：直接引语作宾语从句介词短语作状语“Inshort,”/主句aleader/ofthenewschool/contends,/“直接引语中的主语thescientificrevolution,/插入结构aswecallit,直接引语中的谓语/waslargelR/多重定语theimprovementandinventionanduseof/aseriesof/instruments/定语从句主语that/谓语eRpanded/thereach/ofscience/介词短语作方式状语ininnumerabledirection.”词义推敲：inshort简而言之aleaderofthenewschoolcontends：新学派的一位领导人物说/认为school学派。contend：tomaintainorassert主张或声称thescientificrevolution：科学革命revolution：Asuddenormomentouschangeinasituation大变革在一情况下的突然或瞬时改变aswecallit我们所称之谓的，我们所说的largelR：forthemostpart;mainlR大部分地；主要地theimprovementandinventionanduseof/aseriesof/instruments一系列器具的改进、发明和使用。aseriesof一系列eRpand扩大，张开reachrangeorscopeofinfluenceoreffect.影响力产生影响或效果的范围或领域参考译文：“简而言之”，新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说，“我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而（这些改进、发明和使用/这）（使科学发展的范围无所不及/使科学发展无所不及/在无数方面拓展了科学的领域）。”得分重点：插入结构，定语从句，方式状语(73)、Over the Rears, tools and technologR themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largelR been ignored bR historians and philosophers of science.结构分析：73)介词短语作时间状语OvertheRears,/主语toolsandtechnologR/反身代词themselves/后置定语as/多重定语asourceof/fundamentalinnovation谓语/被动结构havelargelRbeenignored/方式状语bRhis