数词及主谓一致-2019年高考英语语法必考考点---精校解析Word版
高考英语语法必考考点数词及主谓一致【考点解读】一、数词 1. 基数词(1)注意几个不规则的基数词的写法。如eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty等。(2)注意英语中的数量以三位为一个单位，一般对应阿拉伯数字的写法每三位加一个逗号，分别是thousand, million和billion。如：ten thousand10,000; one hundred million100,000,000。(3)数词hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen, score表示确切数目时不加s，但若表示不确切数目时，要用复数形式，与of构成短语。如：一万：ten thousand；成千上万的：tens of thousands of；两打鸡蛋：two dozen eggs。(4)年代表达方式有两种写法。如：20世纪90年代：in the 1990s或in the 1990s。2. 序数词(1)序数词前面一般加the，多数序数词由基数词加th构成。如：the fifteenth; 以y结尾的基数词变化时，先把y改成i，再加eth。如：twentieth。注意几个不规则的序数词的写法。如：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth等。(2)序数词常可缩写，其形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母。如：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th。3. 小数小数点用point表示，小数点后的数用个位基数词表示。如：0.567zero point five six seven。4. 分数分子用基数词，分母用序数词，如果分子大于1，分母须加s。如：1/5one fifth/onefifth; 3/4three fourths/threefourths。5. 百分数百分号用percent(per cent)或%表示。如：19.56%nineteen point five six percent。6. 倍数表达法(1)倍数as形容词/副词(原级)as。This bridge is three times as long as that one.(2)倍数形容词或副词的比较级than。This bridge is three times longer than that one.(3)倍数the size/length/weight .of表示比较对象的This bridge is three times the length of that one.(4)倍数what引导的从句。The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.(5)倍数thatof表示比较对象。The money he earns is three times that of hers.主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数方面需和主语保持一致。主谓一致主要遵循语法形式一致、意义一致以及就近一致三个原则。1. 句子谓语用单数的情况(1)单数名词或代词、不可数名词、动词不定式或动词ing形式或单个从句等作主语时。To go swimming is helpful for shaping your body.【点睛】what引导的名词性从句作主语时，若表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数。(2)由and连接的两个名词若表示单一概念时。A knife and fork is what you need when having a meal.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语前有every, each, no, many a时。Each man and each woman was asked to give a performance at the party.(4)表示时间、重量、距离、长度、价格、金额、体积等名词的复数作主语或主语部分是一个算式时。To me, 20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money.One plus one is/equals two.(5)each, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing等不定代词作主语时。Everyone has his own interest.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.(6) one (every one, any one, either, neither, each one, each)of名词复数时。One of the guests in the party is from South Africa.Every one of us likes the novel.(7)more than one/a单数名词作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语须用单数形式。More than one student was chosen to compete in the contest.2. 句子谓语用复数的情况(1)某些集体名词(如：people, police, staff, cattle等)作主语时，谓语通常用复数。The police are searching the woods for the lost child.(2)由and, both . and连接两个并列主语时。What he says and what he does do not agree.Both the president and the prime minister have attended the lecture.(3)当主语是clothes, trousers, shorts, shoes, jeans, glasses, scissors, compasses等只有复数形式的名词时。My trousers have been washed already.【点睛】若这类名词前有pair of修饰时，其谓语动词的单复数取决于pair的单复数形式。(4)“the形容词/过去分词”结构(如：the dead/old/rich/injured/unemployed等)多指某一类人。主语由该结构充当时，谓语动词一般用复数。The blind were given aids by the volunteers outside the theatre.【点睛】该结构也有表示一类事物的情况，此时谓语动词用单数。The old always gives way to the new.3. 就近一致的情况(1)在there be结构中。There is a pen and three books on the desk.(2)当or, either .or, neither .nor, whether .or, not only .but also .等连词连接两个并列主语时。Not only his brothers but also he is good at painting.4. 其他情况(1)主语后面有as well as, rather than, with, together with, along with, like, but, except等插入成分，谓语的数与主语保持一致。The Smiths, together with their daughter, are to arrive on the evening flight.Nobody but three students was in the laboratory at that time.(2)某些集体名词(如：family, team, audience, class, committee, crowd, government, group, party, public等)作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数；若指集体中所有的成员时，谓语用复数。Her family is small, but the family are advanced workers.(3)以s结尾的名词(如：学科名词politics, 不可数名词news, 或单复数同形的means, works等)，要分清其数的关系，才可决定其谓语的单复数形式。Physics seems to be very difficult to many girl students.Different means of transport are available in the city.(4)none, some, all, the rest, half等作主语时，谓语动词根据其所指意义决定单复数。The rest of the story was dull and all the students were bored.主谓一致是历年高考试题中的测试重点之一。一般与其它知识综合起来考察。近几年语境综合化程度越来越高。分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、定语从句等场合下的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲。处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一致。高考重点要求：1. 根据主谓一致的三个原则 (语法一致,意义一致，就近一致), 判断和确定句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致2. 掌握固定词组作主语,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致考生在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，也要特别注意语法一致的原则，而且分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、定语从句等场合下的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。复习时需注意的要点1、 集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数，看作各个成员时，谓语用复数。例如：His family isnt large.His family are all fond of music.2、 些名词如news, maths, physics等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数。例如：The news is wonderful.Physics is an interesting subject.3、 由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语，是当作一个整体看待的，后面用单数动词。例如：Five minutes is too short.Ten dollars is enough.4、 主语后面跟有介词with或together with 引导的短语时，谓语动词一般与前面的主语的人称和数一致。例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab.5、 主语前有every或each修饰时，无论有几个主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Every teacher and every student in our sc
