2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷75

2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Mr. White was told again and again to _ smoking but he just wouldnt listen.问题1选项A.cut throughB.cut offC.cut downD.cut away【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cut through“抄近路走过”；B选项cut off“切断”；C选项cut down“减少”；D选项cut away“切掉”。句意：怀特先生一再被告知要减少吸烟，但他就是不听。本句表示减少吸烟。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题_ how to operate a switchboard, I had to ask the office supervisor to show me the correct procedures.问题1选项A.Not knownB.Not knowingC.Not to knowD.Having not known【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何操作总机，只好请办公室主管告诉我正确的程序。动词know与主语构成主动关系，应该用现在分词形式，排除A, C选项。非谓语动词的否定形式not置于非谓语动词之前，应该是not having known，排除D选项。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Psychologists have known for a long time that economists are wrong. Most economistsat least, those of the classical persuasionbelieve that any financial gain, however small, is worth having. But psychologists know this is not true. They know because of the ultimatum game, the outcome of which is often the rejection of free money.In this game, one player divides a pot of money between himself and another. The other then chooses whether to accept the offer. If he rejects it, neither player benefits. And despite the instincts of classical economics, a stingy (小气的) offer (one that is less than about a quarter of the total) is, indeed, usually rejected. The question is, why?One explanation of the rejectionist strategy is that human psychology is adapted for repeated interactions rather than one-off trades. In this case, taking a tough, if self-sacrificial, line at the beginning pays dividends in future rounds of the game. Rejecting a stingy offer in a one-off game is thus just a single move in a larger strategy. And indeed, when one-off ultimatum games are played by trained economists, who know all this, they do tend to accept stingy offers more often than other people would. But even they have their limits. To throw some light on why those limits exist, Terence Burnham of Harvard University recently gathered a group of students of microeconomics and asked them to play the ultimatum game. All of the students he recruited were men.Dr. Burnhams research budget ran to a bunch of $40 games. When there are many rounds in the ultimatum game, players learn to split the money more or less equally. But Dr. Burnham was interested in a game of only one round. In this game, which the players knew in advance was final and could thus not affect future outcomes, proposers could choose only between offering the other player $25 (i.e. more than half the total) or $5. Responders could accept or reject the offer as usual. Those results recorded, Dr. Burnham took saliva (唾液) samples from all the students and compared the testosterone levels assessed from those samples with decisions made in the one-round game.As he describes in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, the responders who rejected a low final offer had an average testosterone level more than 50% higher than the average of those who accepted. Five of the seven men with the highest testosterone levels in the study rejected a $5 ultimate offer but only one of the 19 others made the same decision.What Dr. Burnhams result supports is a much deeper rejection of the tenets of classical economics than one based on a slight mis-evolution of negotiating skills. It backs the idea that what people really strive for is relative rather than absolute prosperity. They would rather accept less themselves than see a rival get ahead. That is likely to be particularly true in individuals with high testosterone levels, since that hormone is correlated with social dominance in many species.Economists often refer to this sort of behavior as irrational. In fact, it is not. It is simply, as it were, differently rational. The things that money can buy are merely means to an endsocial statusthat brings desirable reproductive opportunities. If another route brings that status more directly, money is irrelevant.1. According to the passage, psychologists are different from economists in that _.2. In the third paragraph, the sentence “In this case, taking a tough, if self-sacrificial, line at the beginning pays dividends in future rounds of the game.” means that _.3. The result of Dr. Burnhams study in the one-round game players shows that _.4. The point Dr. Burnham has concluded from his study is that _.5. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the behavior of rejecting a low offer mentioned in the passage?问题1选项A.they think any financial gain is worthless if it could not guarantee the ultimatum gameB.they understand how economists are wrong by proving trivial financial gain could be ignoredC.they believe that it is necessary to reject some trivial gains to get bigger onesD.they have known for a long time that from the perspective of psychology, financial gains are not worth pursuing问题2选项A.taking an uncompromising attit