2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考前模拟强化练习题34（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题This diploma is important, which（  ）that you have completed high school.问题1选项A.amplifiesB.certifiesC.clarifiesD.magnifies【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。A选项amplify“放大，扩大”；B选项certify“证明”；C选项clarify“澄清，阐明”；D选项magnify“赞美，夸大”。句意：这个文凭很重要，它能证明你已经完成高中学业。选项B符合句意。2. 翻译题 In this section , there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations -trucking, financial advice, software engineering-have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites(反对技术进步者）whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms , but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.Technology will improve society in ways big or small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.【答案】在中产阶级面临的诸多恼人挑战中，有一个很可能在下届总统竞选中会被忽视：当机器人来抢饭碗时会发生什么?不要完全排除这种可能性。牛津大学的一项研究显示，美国约有一半的工作面临着被自动化取代的高风险，中产阶级受到了不成比例的挤压。像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没有吸引力。但许多中产阶级的职业-卡车运输、金融咨询、软件工程-已经引起了他们的兴趣，或者很快就会引起他们的兴趣。富人拥有机器人，所以他们会没事的。这不是危言耸听。乐观主义者指出，技术变革在过去曾使工人受益。工业革命对反对技术进步者来说并不那么顺利，他们的工作被机械化的织布机取代了，但工业革命最终提高了生活水平，创造的就业岗位比被摧毁的要多。同样，自动化最终应该会提高生产率，通过压低价格来刺激需求，让工人从繁重、乏味的工作中解脱出来。但从中期来看，中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助来进行调整。未来几年，技术将大大小小的改善社会，但对于那些发现自己的生活和事业被自动化颠覆的人来说，这并不是什么安慰。摧毁那些为我们工作而来的机器将是疯狂的。但帮助工人适应的政策将是不可或缺的。3. 单选题The train came to a/an （  ） stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.问题1选项A.hastyB.incidentalC.swiftD.abrupt【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项hasty“草率的，匆忙的”；B选项incidental“偶然的”；C选项swift“迅速的，敏捷的”；D选项abrupt“突然的”。句意：火车突然停了下来，许多乘客从座位上摔了下来。选项D更符合语境。4. 单选题The（  ）of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.问题1选项A.conversionB.conventionC.conversationD.version【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项conversion“转化，变换”；B选项convention“约定，习俗”；C选项conversation“交谈，会话”；D选项version“版本”。句意：把电能转换成热能是一个很容易以100%的效率进行的过程。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题In general , the（  ）amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“明智的”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“可应用的”。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的花费应控制在可支配的生活费的五分之一以内。available其后常接介词for或to构成形容词短语，作后置定语。所以选项C正确。6. 单选题When Steven finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, everyone present was（  ）.问题1选项A.smuggledB.startledC.appealedD.stabilized【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项smuggle“走私，偷运”；B选项startle“使惊奇，使吓一跳”；C选项appeal“呼吁”；D选项stabilize“使稳固，使安定”。句意：当史蒂文30天后终于从山洞里出来时，在场的人都吓了一跳。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题The prime ministers proposal for new taxes created such a(an) （  ）that his government fell.问题1选项A.sensationB.upheavalC.withdrawalD.outbreak【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项sensation“轰动”；B选项upheaval“动乱，剧变”；C选项 withdrawal“撤退”；D选项outbreak“爆发”。句意：首相的新税提案造成了如此大的动荡，以至于他的政府垮台了。根据下文的内容可知，选项B更符合语境。8. 单选题Everyone has a legal （  ）to provide the tax office with details of their earnings.问题1选项A.refinementB.constrictionC.obligationD.impulsion【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项refinement“改进，改善”；B选项constriction“收缩，压缩”；C选项obligation“义务，职责”；D选项impulsion“冲动”。句意：每个人都有法律义务向税务局提供他们收入的详细情况。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题There are several possible explanation for the greater job（  ）in Japan in contrast to the great job mobility in the United State.问题1选项A.sensitivityB.creativityC.stabilityD.security【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项sensitivity“敏感性”；B选项creativity“创造性”；C选项stability“稳定性”；D选项security“安全性”。句意：日本工作的稳定性和美国工作的流动性形成对比，对此有几种可能的解释。根据下文的关键词“mobility”可知，选项C正确。10. 单选题As a lawyer（  ）for his good judgment and eloquence, he is often invited to those grand banquets and meets those distinguished people from all circles.问题1选项A.noto