步进电机串口控制系统
编号：桂林电子科技大学信息科技学院实训设计 ( 论文 ) 说明书题目：步进电机串口控制系统系别：机电工程系专业：机械电子工程学生姓名：石健学号：1指导教师：题目类型：理论研究实验研究 工程设计工程技术研究软件开发应用研究2014 年 12月 4日摘要本设计是采用 AT89C52单片机对步进电机的控制， 通过 I/0 口输出的时序方波作为步进电机的控制信号，信号经过芯片 ULN2003驱动步进电机；同时，用上位机软件来对电机的状态进行控制，并在上位机软件上将步进电机的状态显示出来。系统由硬件设计和软件设计两部分组成。其中，硬件设计包括AT89C52单片机的最小系统、电源模版、步进实现。软件设计包括上位机软件控制、步进电机脉冲以及转速信号采集模块的控制程序，最终实现对步进电机转动方向及转速速度的控制，并将步进电机的转速速度动态显示在上位机软件上度进行实时监控显示。软件采用在Keil软件环境下编辑的 C 语言。本系统具有智能性、实用性及可靠性的特点。关键词： AT89S52;ULN2003;上位机；步进电机AbstractIThis design is the use of AT89C52 microcontroller to control the stepper motor, temporal side through the I/0 port output wave as the control signal of the stepping motor and the signal through ULN2003 chip to drive the stepper motor; at the same time, with the host computer software to the status of motor control, and motor in the PC software will step state display out.The system design consists of hardware design and software of two parts. Among them, the minimum system, power template, stepper motor drive hardware design includes AT89C52 microcontroller (Darlington driver ULN2003) a total of 3 function module design, and realize the organic combination and each module on the circuit board. Software design including control program of upper computer software control, stepper motor pulse and the speed signal acquisition module, and ultimately to achieve the control of stepper motor rotation direction and speed, and the speed of stepping motor in dynamic display of PC software, the speed for real-time monitoring display. The software adopts the editor in the Keil software environment of C language. The characteristics of this system is intelligent, practical and reliable.Keywords:AT89S52;ULN2003; The host computer； Stepper motor目录II引言 ················································································11 控制要求与总设计方案 ······················································1 1.1 步进电机控制要求 ······························································11.2 总体设计思路 ··································································11.3 总体设计方案 ··································································12 系硬件设计及外围器件介绍 ·················································2 2.1 单片机 AT89S52介绍 ··························································· 22.1.1 主要性能 ·····································································32.1.2 功能特性描述 ·································································32.2 高压大电流达林顿晶体管阵列 ULN2003介绍 ·····································52.2.1 概述与特点 ···································································52.3 RS-232 串行总线接口介绍 ·······················································62.3.1 概述与特点 ···································································62.3.2 概 RS-232 的引脚作用 ·························································63 软硬件调试及分析 ···························································8 3.1 软件调试 ·······································································83.2 硬件调试 ·······································································84 结论 ··········································································9谢辞············································································10参考文献 ·········································································11III桂林电子科技大学信息科技学院毕业设计（论文）说明书第 1 页 共11 页引言当今社会，电动机在工农业生产、人们日常生活中起着十分重要的作用。步进电机是最常见的一种控制电机，在各领域中得到广泛应用。步进电机作为执行元件，是机电一体化的关键产品之一 ,广泛应用在各种自动化控制系统中。随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电机的需求量与日俱增，在各个国民经济领域都有应用。步进电机是一种将电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构。当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度( 称为“步距角” ) ，它的旋转是以固定的角度一步一步运行的。可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移量，从而达到准确定位的目的；同时可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度，从而达到调速的目的。步进电机可以作为一种控制用的特种电机，其优会长期积累的特点，给实际的应用带来了很大的方便。它广泛用于消费类产品（打印机、照相机、雕刻机） 、工业控制（数控机床、工业机器人）、医疗器械等机电产品中。研究步进电机的控制和测量方法，对提高控制精度和响应速度、节约能源等都具有重要意义。控制核心采用 C51芯片，它以其独特的低成本，小体积广受欢迎，当然其易编程也是不可多得的优点为此，本文设计了一个单片机控制步进电机的控制系统，可以实现对步进电机转动速度和转动方向的高效控制。1 控制要求和总体设计方案1.1步进电机控制要求（ 1）可通过电脑上位机软件控制电机的各姿态，如如启动、停止、正反转等；（ 2）可通过电脑上位机软件控制电机的旋转角度；（ 3）电脑上位机可实时显示电机转动角度、方向、速度等信息。1.2总体设计思路本次设计的步进电机串口控制系统主要由 AT89C52单片机的最小系统、电源模版、步进电机驱动（达林顿驱动器 ULN2003）模块组成，并将个模块在电路板上有机结合起来。系统中主要利用 AT89S52控制单片机的转的圈数以及控制电机的启动、 停止、正传、反转和运行距离的控制。1.3总体设计方案整个系统的构成是由两部分组成。系统主要由单片机最小系统、电源模块和步进电机驱动模
