2022年考博英语-中南大学考前模拟强化练习题8（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-中南大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The vegetative forms of bacteria are exterminated by （  ）in the air, although the different species exhibit pronounced differences in their resistance.问题1选项A.combustingB.quenchingC.shrinkingD.dehydrating【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。combust 燃烧的，烧焦的；quenching (quench) 压抑；熄灭；shrinking 收缩，萎缩；dehydrating 脱水。句意：即使不同的物种在它们的抗争中显现出显著的差异，但是细菌繁殖体还是能以脱水的方式被根除。D项符合题意。2. 翻译题Read the following short paragraph carefully and then translate it into English.尽管美国的制造业就业岗位长期流失，但由于在飞机和高科技设备等高价值的研发 和生产等方面能力卓越，美国的制造业方面仍处于世界领先地位。与此同时，中国的主 要产品还是低成本的服装和消费类电子产品。在产品价值方面美国的产品占世界制造业 总产值的20%以上，大约是中国的两倍。中国的人口众多，国民人均产值仅为美国的 1/7；在居民生活水平方面，中美两国的差距就更大了，中国家庭产品的平均消费只有美 国的1/14。【答案】Despite a long history of lost manufacturing jobs, the U.S. leads the world in manufacturing because of its ability to develop and produce high-value products like airplanes and high-tech equipment. Meanwhile, China's main products are low-cost clothing and consumer electronics. In terms of value, the United States produces more than 20 percent of the world's manufacturing output, about twice as much as China. China has a large population and its per capita GDP is only 1/7 of that of the United States. In terms of living standards, the gap between China and the United States is even wider, with the average household product consumption in China being only one-14th of that in the United States.3. 单选题Nowadays more and more people are interested in arranging time for exercises and （  ）to release the stress caused by the fast pace and pressure of their lives.问题1选项A.registrationB.illuminationC.mediationD.meditation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。registration 登记；挂号；illumination 照明；阐明；mediation 调解；调停；meditation 冥想；沉思。句意：如今越来越多的人对安排时间锻炼和冥想感兴趣，为了释放生活的快节奏所带来的精神压力。只有D项符合题意。4. 单选题A major goal of law of any country, to deter potential criminals by punishing wrongdoers, is not served when the penalty is so seldom invoked that it ceases to be a （  ）threat.问题1选项A.seriousB.coerciveC.deceptiveD.credible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。serious “严肃的；危急的”；coercive “强制的；胁迫的”；deceptive “欺骗性；虚伪的”；credible “可靠的”。句意：当惩罚很少被执行，因而它已经不再是一种可靠的震慑时，任何国家法律的主要目标一一通过惩罚做坏事的人来阻止潜在的犯罪就没有得到保证。由关键词A major goal is not served.可知法律不再是一种有效的震慑。D项符合语义。5. 单选题Not until the 1850s （  ）in New York seek to rescue historic buildings from devastation or alteration.问题1选项A.some concerned citizensB.did some concerned citizensC.some citizens concernedD.when some concerned citizens did【答案】B【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：直到19世纪50年代，在纽约，一些忧心忡忡的市民开始寻求使历史文物免遭毁坏或改变的方法。当not until位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，将助动词放到主语前。6. 单选题During the 1960s and 1970s, the primary economic development strategy of local governments in the United States was to attract manufacturing industries. Unfortunately, this strategy was usually implemented at another communitys expense: many manufacturing facilities were lured away from their moorings elsewhere through tax incentives and slick promotional efforts. Through the transfer of jobs and related revenues that resulted from this practice, one towns triumph could become another towns tragedy.In the 1980s the strategy shifted from this zero-sum game to one called “high-technology development,” in which local governments competed to attract newly formed high-technology manufacturing firms. Although this approach was preferable to victimizing other geographical areas by taking their jobs, it also had its shortcomings: high-tech manufacturing firms employ only a specially trained fraction of the manufacturing workforce, and there simply are not enough high-tech firms to satisfy all geographic areas.Recently, local governments have increasingly come to recognize the advantages of yet a third strategy: the promotion of homegrown small businesses. Small indigenous businesses are created by a nearly ubiquitous resource, local entrepreneurs, with roots in their communities, these individuals are less likely to be enticed away by incentives offered by another community. Indigenous industry and talent are kept at home, creating an environment that both provides jobs and fosters further entrepreneurship.1. The passage suggests which of the following about the majority of United States manufacturing industries before the high-technology development era of the 1980s?2.The tone of the passage suggests that the author is most optimistic about the economic development potential of which of the following groups?3.The author of the passage mentions which of the following as an advantage of high-technology development?4.The primary purpose of the passage is to（  ）.问题1选项A.They lost many of their most innovative personnel to small entrepreneurial enterprises.B.They experienced a major decline in profits during the 1690s and 1970s.C.They could provide real economic benefits to the areas in which they were located.D.They empl