Unit4SectionⅢGrammar——过去分词短语作状

Section Grammar 过去分词 ( 短语 )作状语语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟 Now once taught by me，she'd become an upper class lady. But， sir，(proudly) once educated to speak properly，that girl could pass herself off in threemonths as a duchess at an ambassador'sgarden party. Seriously injured ， he had to be taken tohospital. The teacher came in，followed by a group ofstudents. He was found lying on the ground，his hands tied.1. 过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。作状语时，可以单独使用，既可位于句首， 如句，也可放在句尾，如句；也可以在其前面加上适当的连词， 如句和句。2. 过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致， 如果不一致，我们常在过去分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构，如句。 语 法 精 要 点 拨过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况， 其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。考点一过去分词 (短语 )作状语的句法功能和位置1过去分词 (短语 )表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。When offered help，one often says“Thank you”or “ It's kind of you(时间”状语 )当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说 “Thank you或”“It's kind of you。 ” Given another chance， I will do it much better.( 条件状语 )如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。第 1页Greatly inspired by what he did， I joined him in helping others.( 原因状语 )在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语 )虽然已参观了很多次，这个地方仍值得再来。He has been preparing his paper all day long， locked in his study.(方式状语 )锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。The guest walked into the room，greeted by his owner.(伴随状语 )客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。2过去分词 (短语 )在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。He stood there silently，moved to tears.Moved to tears， he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。即时演练 1写出下列句中黑体部分分别充当什么状语 Clearly and thoughtfully written ，the book inspires confidence in studentswho wish to seek their own answers.原因状语Time，used correctly，is money in the bank.条件状语 If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.条件状语 Seated at the table，my father and I were talking about my job.方式状语When(you are) given a medical examination，you should keep calm.时间状语考点二过去分词 (短语 )作状语的几种情况1过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、第 2页条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain(When it is seen from the top of themountain)，the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。2过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room， followed by two students( and wasfollowed by two students)后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon，locked in his study(and was locked in hisstudy)他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。3过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句连词改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作状语。Even if I am invited( Even if invited)， I will not take part in the party.即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。Unless you are asked to speak( Unless asked to speak)， you should remainsilent at the meeting.除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。4过去分词 (短语 )作状语时，过去分词 (短语 )的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词 (短语 )前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语 )被称为过去分词 (短语 )的独立结构。过去分词 (短语 )的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。The test finished， we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假了。More time given，we could have done it much better如.果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。第 3页即时演练 2句型转换When they were asked who had broken the vase， the children all kept silent.Asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent. If we are united， we will make our life better. United，we will make our life better. Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it. Exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it.考点三现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。1现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用 having been done。Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine.沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。Having finished their work ，they went home to have a rest完.成工作后，他们回家休息一下。2过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention，the tree could have grown better如.果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。Grown in rich soil ，these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。即时演练 3单句语法填空 Impressed(impress) by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time. Looking(look) out of the window ，I found many children playing on the playground.语 法 应 用 落 实 .单句语法填空第 4页1Much time spent(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.2Absorbed(absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.3Raised(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.4When faced (face) with difficulties, we must try to o