初中英语2024届中考重难考点突破与提分策略（动词语态语气）

中考英语重难考点突破与提分策略（动词语态语气）【考点一】各种时态的被动语态的构成被动语态是由“be + 过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有(PP代表过去分词):常用时态被动结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+PPEnglish is spoken by many people in the world.一般过去时was/were+PPThey were given a warm send-off.一般将来时will/shall be+PPA new bridge will be built over the river next year.现在进行时am/is/are+being+PPI think we are being followed. 过去进行时was/were +being+PPThey told me that they were being questioned by the police.现在完成时have/has been+PPAll flights have been cancelled because of the fog. 过去完成时had been+PPHe asked if Mary had been sent to hospital.含情态动词can/may/must be+PPSomething must be done to stop these accidents.【考点二】主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变为被动语态时, 通常遵循以下三个步骤:(1)首先把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)再把主动语态的谓语动词改为与其时态相对应的被动形式, 且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。(3)最后将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语, 置于句后。“by + 宾语”在句中常省略。如下图所示【注意】主动语态变被动语态的两个特殊点(一)含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句1.常把间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语仍然放在动词后面不变。2.用直接宾语作被动句的主语时, 间接宾语前有时要加介词to(在send, pass,  write,  give,  show,  bring等动词之后)或for (在buy,  cook,  make,  order,  choose等动词之后)。(二)含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句1.由形容词、名词作宾语补足语的句子, 变为被动语态时, 只需把宾语变为主语即可。2.在主动句中, 不定式用作动词: 请(please)、听(hear, listen to)、观(look at,  see,  notice,  watch)、感(feel)、使(make,  have)、让(let)、助(help)等的宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号“to”, 但在变为被动语态时要加上“to”。【拓展迁移】“主动变被动, 时态不用动”, 即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态一致。【特别提示】感使动词的主动与被动口诀感使动词好奇怪,to来to去费神猜。主动句里to拿走,被动句中to回来。【提分攻略】一、两步解决语态题Step 1: 判定语态1.观察是否有被动语态的标志词by;2.看动词与主语的关系, 主语是动作的承受者时, 用被动语态;3.如果是“物”作主语, 有可能用被动语态。Step 2: 确定时态寻找时间状语或上下文暗示时态的词, 确定具体用什么时态。二、主动语态变被动语态口诀宾语提前主语变,时态人称be关键;过去分词勿变错,原主变宾by后见。【提分专练】1.Pay attention, please! Nobody _ with others during an exam.A.is allowed talking B.allows talking C.is allowed to talk D.allows to talk2.In the story A Christmas Carol, Marley was mean, so he _ after he died.A.punished B.was punished C.is punished D.punishes3.It is reported that the Shenzhou-13 spaceship _ into space successfully on October 16th, 2021. How proud we Chinese are!A.sent B.is sent C.was sent D.sends4.It was said that enough money _ for the children in the earthquake area.A.raised B.will raise C.was raised D.has raised5.The 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games _ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou next year.A.holds B.will hold C.were held D.will be held6.To ensure (确保) the safety and health of athletes and all the people, tickets for Beijing Winter Olympics _ only to domestic audience (境内观众) in December.A.were sold B.will sell C.sell D.will be sold7.It is difficult for us to know ahead of time when an earthquake will _.A.be taken place B.happen C.take place D.be happened8.Mum, my bike is broken.It needs _.What a pity! Your dad will have it _ soon.Dont worry.A.repairing; repaired B.to be repaired; repairingC.to repair; to repair D.repairing; to be repaired9.Ones first birthday is a special event in China and it _ with a special party.A.shows B.celebrates C.is shown D.is celebrated10.Chinese tea_ to many countries around the world every year.A.sends B.sent C.is sent D.was sent11.What does the sign say?Parcels _ from the post office between 9 a.m.to 5p.m.A.can collect B.can be collected C.dare collect D.dare be collected12.These days, teenagers often have to do what they _ to do.Its not good for their independence.They need to think on their own.A.tell B.are telling C.are told13.Many children dont know that wood _ paper.A.used to make B.is used to make C.is used to making D.are used for14.I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning.You know they_by the hard-working cleaners every day.A.clean B.are cleaned C.are cleaning D.will clean15.The streets _ many times every day.A.clean B.cleans C.cleaned D.are cleaned16.In China, red _ celebrations and people _ this custom (习俗).A.is used for; are used to B.is used to; are used for C.is used to; are used to D.is used for; are used for17.Can you tell me how often these flowers  _?A.require watering B.require wateredC.are required watering D.are required to water18. Perfect photos! Good skills! Thanks.They _ by my Huawei mobile phone.In fact, Im not skillful at all.A.took B.is taken C.were taken D.will be taken19.To keep our classroom clean and tidy,the floor must _ every day.A.sweep B.be sweeping C.be swept20.We all know that Anti-Japanese War _ in 1937 and _ for eight years.A.broken out; was lasted B.was broken; lasted C.broke out; lasted D.was broken out; was lasted21.Your classroom looks so clean and tidy!         Yes, it _ every day.A.cleans B.cleaning C.cleaned D.is cleaned22.At home, students should _ to look after themselves from a young age.A.educate B.be educated C.are educating D.are educated23.Over $30,000 _ for a childrens hospital