2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题14（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题_ the use of nickel in 1835, spoons and forks were made mainly of silver.问题1选项A.At the time ofB.AfterC.Prior toD.Superior to【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项At the time of“在时候”；B选项After“在之后”；C选项Prior to“在之前”；D选项Superior to“优于”。句意：在1835年使用镍_，勺子和叉子主要是用银制作的。根据语境，横线处需要表示时间关系，这里指的是在没有用镍制作勺子和叉子之前，主要是用银来制作，C选项Prior to“在之前”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题The original guidelines only have some methods in them. Now we are going to _ exactly what kind of food is good for their health and what is bad.问题1选项A.make clear it to the publicB.make it to the public clearC.make it clear to the publicD.make clear to the public it is【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：原来的指南中只有一些方法。现在我们要让公众清楚地知道什么样的食物对他们的健康有好处，什么是不好的。be going to 后面用动词原形，结合固定搭配make sth.+adj. to sth.“使A对B来说”，确定C选项make it clear to the public符合题意，其余用法错误。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题 _, the more severe the winters are.问题1选项A.The more you go northB.The farther north you goC.The more north you goD.The farther you go the north【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查比较级。A选项The more you go north“去北方的次数越多”；B选项The farther north you go“越往北走”；C选项The more north you go语法错误，more和north不放一起；D选项The farther you go the north应该是go to the north。句意：_，冬天的寒气越重。结合语境，B选项The farther north you go“越往北走”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteenth century scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay under the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineer had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _.2. It was _ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.3. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was _.4. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means _.5. This passage is mainly about _.问题1选项A.for business considerationsB.for investigating the depths of the oceansC.for oceanographic studiesD.for military purposes问题2选项A.those who earned a living from the seaB.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cableC.the American NavyD.some early intercontinental travelers问题3选项A.to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeB.to measure the depths of two oceansC.to make some sound experiments in the oceansD.to collect samples of sea plants and animals问题4选项A.“challenged”B.“agreed to”C.“doubted”D.“gave proof to”问题5选项A.the Investigation of ocean depthsB.the early intercontinental communicationsC.the beginnings of oceanographyD.the laying of the first undersea cable【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.（当提出要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报电缆时，出于商业动机，人们第一次不得不尽可能以商业结果为导向来回答“海底是什么？”的问题。），可知铺设电报电缆主要考虑的是商业上带来的利益，根据利益来看是否要铺设，A选项“出于商业考虑”正确，B选项“为了考查海洋的深度”和C选项“用于海洋学研究”错误。D选项“出于军事目的”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第一句It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matte