2022年考博英语-山东大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解10

2022年考博英语-山东大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, “the nations colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials （文凭）than in providing a quality education for their students. “The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning. Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: “Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure （终身任期），promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.” 1.When a college tries to be “all things to all people”（Line 1，Para. 1） it aims to _.2.By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” （Lines 4-5, Pare. 1）the author means that the teaching in these areas_.3.One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that_.4.American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _.5.It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for_.问题1选项A.satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneouslyB.focus on training students in various skillsC.encourage students to take as many courses as possibleD.make learning serve academic rather than productive ends问题2选项A.ignores the actual situationB.is not based on the right perspectiveC.only focuses on an integrated core of common learningD.gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students问题3选项A.a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many collegesB.students dont have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learnC.skills are being taught as a means to an endD.students are only interested in obtaining credentials问题4选项A.most of them lack high-quality facultiesB.the interests of most faculty members lie in researchC.there are not enough incentives for students to study hardD.they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching问题5选项A.putting academic work in the proper contextB.a commitment to students and effective teachingC.the practice of putting learning to productive endsD.dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理题。根据文章第一段第四句，“The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context”,可知问题是给学生们提供了太多的学术领域，也就是太多的专业课程可以选择。选项C符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends.”，这种教育涉及了很多专业领域，但是没有内容，技能没有变成方法，而是成为一种目的，所以这种教育的角度是错误的。选项B符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.”，可知美国大学当前面临危机的原因是越来越迎合狭隘的事业心，没有培养学生的全球视野。选项A符合题意。 4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.”，可知他们认为研究和出版是最重要的事。选项D符合题意。 5.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus.”，可知教学生们基本知识，产生跨学科联系，并且将知识应用于学校之外的生活是他们承诺努力的方面。根据第二段第一句，“Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching.”，可知高素质的教师和好的教学也是他们关注的方面。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Many of you young persons out there are seriously thinki