UAWEAB无机及分析化学课后重点习题答案详解(高等教育出版社)

、| !_一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了. 第一章 气体和溶液2. 解：根据理想气体状态方程：可得： 则： 该的相对分子质量为16.04. 解：由题意可知，氮气为等温变化，氧气为等容变化 根据道尔顿分压定律：7. 解： T =(273+15)K = 288K； p总 =100kPa； V=1.20L288K时，p(H2O)=1.71kPa M (Zn)=65.39 则 p氢气= (100-1.71)kPa = 98.29kPa 根据： Zn(s) + 2HCl ® ZnCl2 + H2(g) 65.39g 1molm(Zn)=? 0.0493mol 解得m(Zn)=3.22g则杂质的质量分数 w(杂质) = （3.45-3.22）/ 3.45 = 0.06714. 解：因溶液很稀，可设 1 g·mL-1(1) (2) 血红素的相对分子质量为 (3) （4）由于沸点升高和凝固点下降的值太小，测量误差很大，所以这两种方法不适用。第二章 化学热力学初步15. 答：（1）错；（2）错；（3）错，可改为：的反应都能自发进行；（4）错，温度高于0K时；（5）错，如反应的17. 答（1），高温下自发 （2），低温下自发 （3）任何温度下都自发22. 解：（1） -277.6 -235.3 161 282 （实测沸点78.3）（2） 0 30.91 152.2 245.35 （实测沸点58.76）24. 解：（1）标准态下 = -2286+（-1267）-（-3644）= 91kJ/mol > 0 正向非自发，不风化（1）60%相对湿度条件下，pH2O = 0.6*3.17kPa= 1.90 kPa = (91-98.2)kJ/mol = -7.2 kJ/mol <0正向自发，风化第三章7. 解：（2）*2- (1)得： （3）则反应（3）的标准平衡常数：8. 答：（1）：减小，因增大容器体积导致物质浓度降低，平衡向分子数增加的方向移动（2）：增大，生成物浓度增大，平衡左移（3）：增大，增加的氧气不能完全消耗（4）：减小，生成物浓度增大，平衡左移（5）：增大，减小容器体积导致物质浓度增大，平衡向分子数减小的方向移动（6）：增大，氯气摩尔数增大（7）：不变，温度不变，平衡常数为定值（8）：增大，吸热反应，升高温度，平衡常数增大（9）：增大，平衡常数增大，平衡右移，且等容条件下升高温度气体压力增大（10）：不变，反应物与生成物分压均不变（10）：不变，催化剂不影响平衡的移动12. 解：（1）设平衡时NO2与N2O4的分压分别为和，则：解得得 x = 1.56N2O4解离百分率=（2）设平衡时NO2与N2O4的分压分别为和，则：解得得 x = 2.7N2O4解离百分率=解释：增大总压，平衡向分子数减小方向移动，因此N2O4解离百分率降低13. 解：根据反应方程式及题意：平衡时各气体分压为： 反应前各气体分压为： 0 0 则： 解得：初始混合比例为14. 解：由平衡常数与温度的关系可得：代入数据得：解得第四章1,2,3,4,8,11,14,22,27,321. 全错4. 14. 两性物质根据确定其余：强碱弱酸盐显碱性 强酸弱碱盐显酸性 强酸强碱盐显中性22. （1）三种弱酸的pKa值分别为：6.19，4.85，4.75，其中二甲基砷酸的pKa值最接近6.50，因而用该酸配制pH为6.50的缓冲溶液最合适；（2）根据 解得，共轭碱由弱酸与氢氧化钠反应转化而来，因此二甲基砷酸的质量氢氧化钠质量27. 解：（1）混合后 所以混合后无AgAc沉淀生成 （2）加入NaAc，溶液中HAc解离产生的Ac-可以忽略，1.7g NaAc完全解离产生的Ac-浓度：Ac-=0.10mol L-1， 有AgAc沉淀生成溶液的pH=pKa=4.75, 无AgOH沉淀生成，随着AgAc沉淀生成，Ag+减小，AgOH沉淀更不可能生成。32. 解：反应式为：设每次处理后溶液中的硫酸根离子浓度为x, 则：，解得x=0.0205l L-1,则每次处理硫酸钡溶解量为0.0205mol需要处理的次数=0.1/0.0205=4.87, 取整数，为5次。Acknowledgements My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis. My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.