工程管理专业英语翻译
1. A decision whether to pump or to transport concrete in buckets will directly affect the cost and duration of tasks involved in building construction. 用泵送混凝土还是用吊斗浇筑混凝土的决定将直接影响建筑物施工中各项任务的成本和时间2. In selecting among alternative methods and technologies, it may be necessary to formulate a number of construction plans based on alternative methods or assumptions. 在选择施工方法和技术时，有必要根据各种备选的施工方法和假设制订若干套施工计划。3. This examination of several alternatives is often made explicit in bidding competitions in which several alternative designs may be proposed or value engineering for alternative construction methods may be permitted这种对几个备选方案之间的评比在公开招标中表现的十分明显：在设计招标中会要求提交数个设计方案；在施工招标中会用到价值工程的方法4. In this case, potential constructors may wish to prepare plans for each alternative design using the suggested construction method as well as to prepare plans for alternative construction methods which would be proposed as part of the value engineering process. 在这个案例中，潜在的承包商需要针对每个备选设计方案根据被建议的施工方法来制定具体的计划；也需要针对每个备选施工方法制定具体计划，而这些施工方法选择会被推荐应用价值工程方法5. In forming a construction plan, a useful approach is to simulate the construction process either in the imagination of the planner or with a formal computer based simulation technique.根据施工计划人员的想象或者利用以计算机为工具的仿真技术队施工过程进行模拟。在制定施工计划时，非常有用的办法是6. For example, a decision to use a particular piece of equipment for an operation immediately leads to the question of whether or not there is sufficient access space for the equipment. 例如，当我们决定使用一台特定的机械设备进行施工时，可能马上会遇到这样一个问题，即，是否有足够的工作面来容纳这台设备。7. Three dimensional geometric models in a computer aided design(CAD) system may be helpful in simulating space requirements for operations and for identifying any interferences.使用计算机辅助设计系统中（CAD）的三维图形模型对施工中的空间进行模拟，并对干扰因素进行识别是非常有用的，从而解决我们的问题。8. Similarly, problems in resource availability identified during the simulation of the construction process might be effectively forestalled by providing additional resources as part of the construction plan. 类似地，我们还可以用计算机对施工过程中的资源使用情况进行模拟，并根据模拟结果提前制定资源供应计划。9.The various categories of activity float are illustrated in figure 9-2 in which the activity is represented by a bar which can move back and forth in time depending upon its scheduling start time. 各种工作时差的分类如图9-2所示，图中一项工作的时间安排用一条能根据它的工作开始时间适时前后移动的横线表示10. Three possible scheduled starts are shown, corresponding to the cases of starting each activity at the earliest event time, E(i),the latest activity start time LS(I,J),and at the latest event time L(i). 有三种计划开始时间，分别是与工作最早开始时间相对应的事件最早时间E(i)，工作最迟开始时间LS(I,J)以及事件最迟时间L(i).11. Thus the start of the activity could be scheduled anytime between time 4 and 14 after the project began without interfering with the schedule of other activities or with the earliest completion time of the project. 因此，该工作可以被安排在项目开工后4到14中的任意时间开始，而不会影响其他工作的进度或者整个项目最早完工时间。12. Graphical presentation of project schedules are particularly useful since it is much easier to comprehend a graphical display of numerous pieces of information than to sift through a large table of numbers. 项目计划图示的表达特别有用，因为大量的信息通过图的形式表现出来比用包含大量数据的表来表现要容易理解得多。13. Early computer scheduling systems were particularly poor in this regard since they produced pages and pages of numbers without aids to the manager for understanding them.早期的计算机进度系统在这方面做得非常欠缺，他们只是产出大量的数据，而不能帮助项目经理去理解他们。14.It is extremely tedious to read a table of activity numbers, durations, schedule time, and floats and thereby gain an understanding and appreciation of a project schedule 阅读有关工作数目、持续天数、计划时间、以及工作时差的表格，并由此来理解和评价一个项目的计划安排是一件极端乏味无趣的事。15.These diagrams provide a powerful visualization of the precedence and relationships among the various project activities这种图提供了一种表达各种项目工作之间的先后逻辑顺序和相互关系的可视化工具16. Project planning is often conducted by producing network representation of greater and greater refinement until the plan is satisfactory项目计划通常是通过对网络图的一次次的改进，达到令人满意的计划结果为止。17. The activity diagrams shown in the previous section were topological networks in that only the relationship between nodes and branches were of interest在前面章节中出现的工作图是基于拓扑学的网络图，其中只有节点与分支之间的联系才是值得注意的。18. In time-scaled network diagrams, activities on the network are plotted on a horizontal axis measuring the time since project commencement而在时标网络图中，网络图中的工作时按水平坐标方向绘制的，以衡量从项目开始后所用的时间。19. Obviously, this time scaled diagram is produced as a display after activities are initially scheduled by the critical path method. 很明显地，这种时标网络图是在用关键线路法初步确定了各种工作安排后才制定出来的。20. During the course of monitoring a project, useful additions to the basic bar chart include a vertical line to indicate the current time plus small marks to indicate the current state of work on each activity. 在项目监测过程中，除基本的横道图外还会用到其他有用的方法，包括用垂直线表示现在的时间、加上一些小标记来标示各项工作当前的状况。21. For planning purpose, bar charts are not as useful since they do not indicate the precedence relationships among activities. Thus, a planner must remember or record separately that a change in one activitys schedule may require chan
