2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第32期

2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Novato the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” is Latin for “new (star)” and means “star” in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova”, meaning “it doesnt go”. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food companys friendly “Jolly Green Giant” (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German, Pepsis popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”. No wonder customers in Germany didnt rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesnt stop with good translationsother aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process used one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.1.The best title of this passage might be （ ）.2.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage?3.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?4.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia” most probably means （ ）.5.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to（  ）  问题1选项A.Culture Is Very Important in AdvertisingB.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different CountriesD.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles问题2选项A.Hesitation.B.Mistake.C.Stutter.D.Default.问题3选项A.Cultural shocks.B.Faulty translations.C.Avoid cultural oversights.D.Prevent blunders.问题4选项A.an animal used in perfume for its smellB.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funeralsC.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD.an ornament used in perfume and at funerals问题5选项A.fire the translators who dont know the target languageB.use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of blundersC.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokesD.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲太多公司在没有了解国外的语言和文化情况下进行营销，付出了昂贵的代价。也就是说文化在广告中是很重要的。选项A正确。2.语义题。根据第五段第一句“Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.”再根据后面举例的内容可以推测，这里是指犯了营销的错误。所以选项B与之意思最为相近。3.段落主旨题。根据原文可知，第三段到第六段主要是讲：翻译错误是国际广告中许多错误的核心。第三段是中心句，后面的段落是举例说明，所以选项B正确。4.语义题。根据第九段的内容，一位美国设计师试图将一种新的香水引入拉丁美洲市场，但该产品几乎没有引起人们的兴趣。主要原因是，在南美许多国家， “the camellia used in it”传统上用于葬礼。it指的是香水，那么用于香水里面的应该是制作香水的原材料。所以选项C正确。5.细节推理题。根据最后五个段落的内容可知，为了防止不同国家的广告出现错误的方法，我们需要避免文化上的疏忽，也需要避免开玩笑。选项C符合原文。2. 单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad（ ） when she was ill and had no money.问题1选项A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment【答案】A【解析】plight困境；polarization两极分化；plague瘟疫，灾祸；pigment颜料，色素。in a sad plight指处于困境。选项A符合句意。