2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题51（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 填空题 bully   democracy   destiny      loyal      renowned Churchill believed that he was（1）to lead his country. He fought as a soldier in World War I and led the country to victory in World War II. It seems ironic that a leader of such（2）as Churchill could not count on the（3）of voters in 1945. However, in a（4）country, electors cannot be（5）, and he had to tolerate political defeat after military victory, and once more to his country retreat, Chartwell.【答案】1.destined2.renown3.loyalty4.democratic5.bullied【解析】1.句意：丘吉尔相信他注定要领导他的国家。此处应用被动语态，因此填destined。2.句意：像丘吉尔这样声名显赫的领导人。此处应用名词形式，因此填renown。3.句意：像丘吉尔这样声名显赫的领导人却不能指望选民的忠诚。此处应用名词形式，因此填loyalty。4.句意：在一个民主国家。此处应用形容词形式，因此填democratic。5.句意：选举人是不能被欺负的。此处应用被动语态，因此填bullied。2. 单选题Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she（ ）much better results now.问题1选项A.would be gettingB.could have gotC.must getD.would get【答案】D【解析】考查错综虚拟语气。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，省略了if，因此为倒装形式；主句是对现在情况的虚拟，因此主句用would do结构。句意：如果朱迪在数学考试时能更加认真的话，她现在就会得到一个更好的分数。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题（ ）they hope to go home tomorrow, they are resigned to staying on until the end of year.问题1选项A.Much asB.Much thoughC.As muchD.Though much【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：尽管他们很希望明天就回家，但他们还是决定一直待到年底。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，much as表示尽管很，因此A选项正确。4. 单选题A UCSF study has revealed new information about how the brain directs the body to make movements. The key factor is “noise” in the brains signaling, and it helps explain why all movement is not carried out with the same level of precision.Understanding where noise arises in the brain has implications for advancing research in neuromotor control and in developing therapies for disorders where control is impaired, such as Parkinsons disease.The new study was developed “to understand brain machinery behind such common movements as typing, walking through a doorway or just pointing at an object,” says Stephen Lisberger, PhD, senior study investigator who is director of the W. M. Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience at the University of California, San Francisco. Study co-investigators are Leslie C. Osborne, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at UCSF, and William Bialek, PhD, professor of physics at Princeton University.The study findings, reported in the September 15 issue of the journal Nature, are part of ongoing research by Lisberger and colleagues on the neural mechanisms that allow the brain to learn and maintain skills and behavior. These basic functions are carried out through the coordination of different nerve cells within the brains neural circuits. “To make a movement, the brain takes the electrical activity of many neurons and combines them to make muscle contractions,” Lisberger explains. “But the movements arent always perfect. So we asked, what gets in the way?” The answer, he says, is “noise”, which is defined as the difference between what is actually occurring and what the brain perceives. He offers making a foul shot in basketball as an example. If there were no noise in the neuromotor system, a player would be able to perform the same motion over and over and never miss a shot.“Understanding how noise is reduced to very precise commands helps us understand how those commands are created,” says Lisberger, who also is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and a UCSF professor of physiology.In the study, the research team focused on a movement that all primates are very skilled at: an eye movement known as “smooth pursuit” that allows the eyes to track a moving target. In a series of exercises with monkeys in which the animals would track visual targets, the researchers measured neural activity and smooth pursuit eye movements. From this data, the team analyzed the difference between how accurately the animals actually tracked a moving object and how accurately the brain perceived the trajectory. Findings showed that both the smooth pursuit system and the brains perceptual system were nearly equal.“This teaches us that these very different neural processes are limited to the same degree by the same noise sources,” says Lisberger. “And it shows that both processes are very good at reducing noise.” He concludes, “Because the brain is noisy, our motor systems dont always do what it tells us to. Making precise movements in the face of this noise is a challenge.”1.Of the following movements instructed by the brain, which one is NOT mentioned in the article?2.How does the brain direct a body movement?3.How does “noise” affect a basketball players performance?4.Which of the following titles doesnt belong to Stephen Lisberger?5.The findings of the study with monkeys show that（ ）.问题1选项A.Pointing at an object.B.Walking through a doorway.C.Jogging.D.Typing.问题2选项A.By sending signals to the muscles directly.B.By combining the electrical activity of neurons.C.By sending nerve cells t