图表描述第二讲

图表描述第二讲1.3 饼状图1.3.1 一个饼例题1The pie chart below shows the average weekly expenditure per family in Britain (1996).最多三项，最少三项，分别占？，加起来占？。或者把饼块分类，分别介绍不同的饼块。It is not surprising that the most expensive (adj.) component is A, which accounts for m% of all x. B is the next largest expenditure (n.), n% lower than A of all x and followed closely by C. The above three items of ? take up about o% of the x.By contrast, D, E and F make up the smallest percentage of total x, which are p%, q% and r%, respectively.1.3.2 两个饼基本思路是：每个饼块在两个饼中排名第？，占？%。但如果一个一个说，就会是流水帐。所以饼块要分类，分类的方法是：从左饼到右饼，上升的是一类，下降的是一类，保持不变的是一类。要写清楚变化的含义。在每一段中，再具体描写每个饼块，突出这些饼块的特点。如果饼状图除了交代百分比以外，还有数量，请在首段描述完四要素以后，把两个饼的数量比较一下。例题1The pie charts below show the area and current population of the seven continents as a percentage of the total. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. The pie charts show the seven continents of the world and the percentage of the total land mass of the globe that they occupy together with the percentage of the worlds population they are home to. The densely populated continents are Asia and Europe, both having about twice the population that could be expected were the global population evenly distributed over the global land mass. Asia is the largest continent in terms of both area (30%) and population (61%). Europe (with 7% of the area and 12% of the population) is the second smallest continent, yet has a population almost as high as that of Africa, a continent which is three larger in area. Africa and the Americas are relatively sparsely populated continents. North America (16% of the area and 8% of the population) and South America (12% of the area and 5.5% of the population) have population equal to about half of what could be expected if the global population were evenly distributed, whilst Africas population is about a third lower than would be expected in such a situation (20% of the area and 13% of the population). The smallest continent, Oceania (with 6% o the area and 0.5% of the population), is very sparsely populated, whilst Antarctica has no permanent population despite covering 9% of the global land mass. The chart clearly demonstrates that the people of the world are unevenly distributed across the continents. 例题2The pie charts show the amount of oil production and consumption measured in million barrels per day (MB/D) in seven regions in the year 2001. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. The pie charts show the world divided into seven regions and the amount of oil produced and consumed in those regions in MB/D in 2001. In total, the amount of oil consumed exceeded that produced by 0.8MB/D. The regions can be divided into two groupsone where production outpaces consumption and the other where the reverse is the case. The former groupthe net producers-consists of Africa, the Former Soviet Union, the Middle East, and Latin America. The Middle East is by far the largest producer (22.2 MB/D), but its consumption is relatively low (4.3 MB/D) just a fifth of what it produces. Africa produces 7.8 MB/D, about three times what it consumes (2.5MB/D), the Former Soviet Union about 250% more, and Latin America about 150% more. The other groupthe net consumers consists of the Asia Pacific region, Europe, and the USA and Canada. The USA and Canada is the region which consumes the most oil (23.4 MB/D), though we can see that it is also the second largest producer region (14 MB/D). The Asia Pacific region is the second largest consumer (20.9 MB/D). Europe is the third largest consumer (16.1 MB/D) and the smallest producer (6.8 MB/D). From the information above, we can see that oil production and consumption are not even around the world. 1.3.3 练习题（同第一讲）1.4 柱状图把相同属性的柱子顶端连起来，如果其横坐标是数字轴或时间轴，那么按曲线图的方法描述；否则则按饼状图的方法描述。1.4.1 一个柱状图例题1The bar chart shows the sales figures and profits of ABC Electronics in millions of US dollars over the period 1991 to 2000. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. From the bar chart, we can see the sales and profits of ABC Electronics from 1991 to 2000. The sales show a slight rise form 99 million USD to 112 million USD over the first 4 years. Profits, however, remain stable at 8-9 million USD per year. Then, in 1995, sales and profits jump to 135 million USD and 12 million USD respectively. Curiously, in 1996, sales drop by a million USD, but profits increase by 3 million USD. The following year, sales rise considerably, to 149 million USD, but profits increase only slightly, to 16 million USD. In 1998 and 1999, sales increase to 152 and 158 million USD, but profits actually fall noticeably to 11 million USD each year. The year 2000 sees profits drop slightly to 154 million, but profits rise a little to 12 million USD. Overall, w