英语专业四级常见近义词辨析

http:/www.engworld.com.cn在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即： 语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。1.路way:way: Wherever there is room for an object to proceed, there is a way.road:road: A road is a prepared way for traveling with horses or vehicles.path:path: A way suitable to be traveled only by foot passengers or by animals.route:route: A route is a line of travel, and may be over many roads.street: A street is in some centre of habitation, as a city town or village, whenit passes between houses of dwellings.avenue: A avenue is a long, broad and imposing(庄严) or principal street.2.时代(期) (时期)period:period: It indicates any passage of time, great or small. /an extent of time of anylength. (时代)time(s):time(s): It refers to a period in history. in ancient times/ in Victoria time (新时代)epoch:epoch: It indicates a long period of time marked by events or development of aparticular kind.The first flight into space marked a new epoch in the history of mankind. (纪元)era:era: It refers to a very long period of time marked by a particular feature in agreat new era of world revolution (时期)age:age: It shows a particular /a fairly definite period in history. the Bronze Age,Iron Age3.战斗 (打仗)fight:fight: It is a bodily struggle (奋斗 斗争)struggle:struggle: An effort of any kind to overcome difficulty. (战斗)battle:battle: A fight between armed forces. (战役)campaign:campaign: A series of related military operations in a war. (战争)http:/www.engworld.com.cnwar:war: A period of fight between countries or states when weapons are used and manypeople are killed.(对抗)combat:combat: A fight, conflict, controversy.4.牧师 (教士 牧师) #priest:priest: A person, esp. a man specially trained for various religious duties andceremonies, in the Christian church, esp. in the Roman Catholic church (牧师)minister:minister: A member of clergy, esp. Protestant churches. (牧师)clergy(pl):clergy(pl): The officially appointed leader of the religious activities of aparticular church or temple.clergyman:clergyman: clergymen(pl) a member of clergy. (牧师)pastor:pastor: A Christian religious leader in charge of a church and its members, esp.in a Protestant church. (教区牧师)vicar:vicar: A priest in charge of an area(parish) in the church of England.father:father: A little of respect for a priest, esp. in the Roman Catholic.5.服装clothing(collect):clothing(collect): (fml) General term of clothes.clothes(noclothes(no single):single): Coverings of the body such as coats, dresses, suits, shoes,hats.garment(fl):garment(fl): A suit of clothes used by actors./a single article of clothing.costume:costume: 1) The fashion of dress peculiar to a people, nation, class, period, etc.2) A dress worn by actors in a play. uniform: worn by all members of thecommunity.dress:dress: 1) A kind of outer garment worn by women (连衣裙).2) worn on special occasions (礼服) evening dress/ morning dresssuit:suit: A set of outer clothes to be worn together. evening suit/swimming suitcoat:coat: A garment with sleeves worn on top of other clothes from rain, heat, etc.overcoat:overcoat: A warn coat worn in the street.http:/www.engworld.com.cn6.哭cry:cry: The most general one.(哭泣) weep:weep: To let flow tears.(抽泣 抽嗒) sob:sob: To weep or sigh with short quick breaths.(哭天抹泪 涕泪交流) snivel:snivel: To sniffle and cry in a irritating manner.(哭嚎 又哭又闹) blubber:blubber: To cry loudly noisily.(发出低声报怨声) whine:whine: To make a low complaining cry.(嚎哭) bawl:bawl: To utter loud cries (always in bad sense).(痛哭) wail:wail: To cry aloud from pain or sorrow.(呻吟) moan:moan: To make a low, miserable sound in pain or sorrow.(呻吟) grown:grown: To make a low sound of pain, unhappiness or disapproval(哀悼) mourn:mourn: To feel or show sadness or sorrow for someone who has died.(哀悼) lament:lament: To express great sorrow or regret.7.美丽 漂亮good-looking:good-looking: Having an attractive appearance in a strong, healthy way used for menand women not things.beautiful:beautiful: ( a woman or a thing) Suggesting symmetry of features or perfection ofproportion, elegance and mobility.beautiful flowers, a beautifulgirl/voice/city/face beautiful weather.handsome:handsome:Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/young man.pretty:pretty: (a girl, or a small thing) Suggesting liveliness and sweetness, pleasingor nice to look at. a pretty little woman/garden, a pretty girl/ picture/piece ofmusic,lovely:lovely: (something) So beautiful that it makes you feel good to look at it or evento think about it. The garden looks lovely.fair:fair: Beautiful( of woman in poet) light in color esp., skin hair.gorgeous:gorgeous: (persons or things) (inf) Extremely beautiful or handsome.http:/www.engworld.com.cn8.拉 拖pull:pull: The most general one.draw:draw: It implies a smoother, steadier motion and generally a lighter force than pull.drag:drag: It usually refers to horizontal motion or motion up an incline (slope) andit suggests laborious efforts over rough ground or against friction, resistance or