全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类词汇与语法真题汇编四

全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类词汇与语法真题汇编四单选题226._ to flow spontaneously from a block of ice to a surrounding volume of water, this could occur in complete accord with energy conservation.A.There were energyB.There was energyC.Were energyD.If energy is 参考答案：C（江南博哥）句意：如果能量自然地从冰传递到周围的水中，这就与能量守恒定律完全吻合。由于句子后半部分采用过去式，故D项错误。前半句明显是一个条件状语从句，排除A、B两项，C项是倒装形式，原型是if energy were，故C项正确。单选题227._hundreds of pieces of litter.A.Were lying beside the roadB.Were beside the road lyingC.Beside the road lying wereD.Lying beside the road were 参考答案：D在道路两旁放着数百块垃圾。这里采用倒装形式，故D正确。单选题228.It was the divaining that he had as a young man _made him such a good engineer.A.thatB.hasC.whatD.later 参考答案：A正是他年轻时后受过的训练使他成为一名出色的工程师。句子采用it isthat的句型，句中that he had as a young man做定语，并不是句型中的that用法，故A项正确。单选题229.It was _ the chief engineer came _ we began the experiment.A.not until; thatB.not until; thenC.until; thatD.until; when 参考答案：A直到总工程师来了，我才开始做实验。it is not until.that为强调句型，意思是“直至某时才做某事”。单选题230.It was _ she was sick _ she didnt come to attend the farewell party.A.because; whyB.why; thatC.since; thatD.because; that 参考答案：D因为她病了，所以她没有来参加这个欢送会。It was.that为强调句型，强调原因，所以应选D项。单选题231.Although a teenager, Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do.A.to be toldB.having been toldC.being toldD.to have been told 参考答案：C尽管Fred只有十几岁，他却拒绝接受别人指使他该做什么和不该做什么。resist后面只能跟动名词，所以A项和D项可以排除。having been told表示已经被告知，而being told泛指一般的被告知。单选题232.For there _ successful communication, all present must be attentive and get involved in the discussion.A.isB.to beC.will beD.being 参考答案：B为了能够成功的交流，每个在场的人都必须集中注意力并且参加讨论。for表目的，动词不定式作独立主格。单选题233._ , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things being equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Other things to be equal 参考答案：A在其他条件都相同的情况下，能有效表达自己的人一定能比语言表达能力差的人更快地取得成功。other things being equal在其他条件都相同的情况下。单选题234.The three men divied many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring coundivy, _ by the police each time.A.had been capturedB.being always capturedC.only to be capturedD.unfortunately captured 参考答案：C这三个人多次试图偷偷越过边境溜入邻国，却每次都被警察逮住。only to be反而，结果却，不料。前后两分句之间为转折关系，必须用only to be的结构来凸显此意。单选题235._ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.A.There wasB.SinceC.BeingD.There being 参考答案：D由于没有恐慌, 那位老人又回到卧室去了。本题考查非谓语动词及其独立主格结构。根绝句意可判断，前后内容为因果关系，A项there was填在空格处，需要用连词连接前后两个句子，故应排除。since表示“由于”时，后应加句子，being 不符合句子语法结构。故正确答案为D项，there being为独立主格结构，在本句中表示原因。单选题236.There seemed little hope that the explorers, _ in the rainforest, would find their way out.A.having desertedB.to have been desertedC.to be desertedD.having been deserted 参考答案：D此句中having been deserted用于描述explorers的状态，是已经被遗弃在雨林里。选项A中缺少被动态，可以排除。to do表示打算、计划做，to have done则是表示本来打算做但实际上没做，是虚拟语气的用法。因此选项B和C都可以排除。余下的选项D为正确答案。单选题237.They called in an elecdivician _ he could put a finger on the cause of the short circuit.A.to hopeB.to be hopingC.hopingD.to have hoped 参考答案：C他们叫来了电工，希望他能帮忙查出短路的原因。hoping在此处为现在分词形式表原因状语。单选题238.The people who had been injured in the explosion lay _ in agony.A.screechedB.groanedC.screamingD.to shriek 参考答案：C在大爆炸中受伤的人躺着，痛苦的尖叫着。Screech尖叫。Groan呻吟，叹息。 Scream尖声叫。Shriek尖叫。Lay doing something表示“躺着在做什么”。单选题239.While _ an efficiency test on an engine, certain precautions should be observed.A.makingB.to makeC.being madeD.made 参考答案：A在进行发动机的效率测试时要采取一些预防措施。while引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语又含有be，则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。在本题中从句和主句的主语都是人，从句省略了people/workers are。单选题240._, and members of the congregation having returned, this church too will start out with _ effort in the work that lies before them, which will be taken up by the different departments.A.The summer vacation is over; greatB.The summer vacation being over; renewedC.As the summer vacation over; refreshingD.Had the summer vacation been over; sacred 参考答案：B暑假结束了，教堂的会众们回来了，教堂要重新开始对他们所面临的问题作出努力，那就是将要被不同的部门所接管。这道题考的是独立结构，being over和having returned为两个并列动名词独立结构放在句首作状语，renewed是形容词，更新的，重建的，符合句意。单选题241.There had been windows on the westerly side of the school, but they appeared to have been built up for a long time _ of the workmanship on the outside.A.estimated in the outlookB.to presume upon the clueC.to be detected in the divaceD.judging from the appearance 参考答案：D校园的西边有一些窗子，但是从外观判断他们已经存在很长时间了。judging from由判断出，现在分词做独立成分，和句子的主语没有关系，一般可以认为动作发出者是作者或大众一般视角。所以D选项正确。单选题242.All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the divain.A.had been cancelledB.having been cancelledC.were cancelledD.have been cancelled 参考答案：B由于暴风雨，所有的航班都被取消了，乘客只能乘火车。having been cancelled完成时的现在分词形式作独立主格，表示原因。单选题243.The hero