2019KJ条令出版物3-01防空ZZ

AIR FORCE DOCTRINE PUBLICATION 3-01COUNTERAIR OPERATIONS6 September 20192 INTRODUCTION TO COUNTERAIR OPERATIONS Last Updated:6 September 2019 Counterair operations doctrine is constantly evolving.It should guide us to effectively organize and employ counterair capabilities against peer and near-peer competitors.As we continuously improve our airpower capabilities and capacities in air,space,and cyberspace,our ability to improve counterair operations and incorporate new concepts and technologies will identify new best practices in counterair doctrine.Control of the air provides the joint force with freedom of action while reducing vulnerability to enemy air and missile attacks.Peer and near-peer competitors have and are developing advanced aircraft,cruise and ballistic missiles,hypersonic glide vehicles,and sophisticated air and missile defenses.Examples of these developments include Russian Sukhoi-57 and Chinese Chengdu J-20 fifth generation fighters,Russian Iskander and Chinese DF-26 ballistic missiles,and Russian S-400 and Chinese HQ-9 air and missile defense systems.Iran and North Korea have significant and constantly improving ballistic missile forces protected by integrated air defense systems.These capabilities,supported by peer and near-peer cyberspace and space advancements,present growing challenges to the joint forces ability to achieve control of the air.The Air Force brings resources,capabilities,and experience to the joint force to help achieve that control.Clearly defined domains help identify the conditions and capabilities under which systems and personnel conduct operations,but do not mandate or imply command relationships.The air domain is“the atmosphere,beginning at the Earths surface,extending to the altitude where its effects upon operations become negligible.”1 Control of the air is normally one of the first priorities of the joint force.This is especially important whenever the enemy is capable of threatening friendly forces from the air or inhibiting a joint force commanders(JFCs)ability to conduct operations.The counterair mission integrates offensive and defensive operations to attain and maintain the JFCs desired degrees of control of the air and of protection by neutralizing or destroying enemy aircraft and missiles before,during,and after launch.Counterair operations help ensure freedom to maneuver,freedom to attack,and freedom from attack.1 Joint Publication(JP)3-30,Joint Air Operations.AIR FORCE DOCTRINE PUBLICATION(AFDP)3-01 COUNTERAIR OPERATIONS 3 Counterair is directed at enemy forces that directly or indirectly challenge control of the air.These forces may include but are not limited to:aircraft,surface-to-air missiles,ballistic missiles,airfields,fuel,command and control facilities,and network links.Airmen integrate capabilities from all components to conduct intensive and continuous counterair operations aimed at gaining varying degrees of control of the air at the time and place of their choosing.Joint doctrine provides broad guidance for countering air and missile threats(see JP 3-01,Countering Air and Missile Threats),but does not describe the full spectrum of control of the air,as this publication does.4 COUNTERAIR OPERATIONS Last Updated:6 September 2019 The counterair mission integrates offensive and defensive operations to attain and maintain a desired degree of control of the air and of protection by neutralizing or destroying enemy aircraft and missiles,along with threats to air operations from other domains.Counterair operations are conducted across all domains and determine the level or degree of control of the air.Control of the air describes a level of influence in the air domain relative to that of an adversary,and is typically categorized as parity,superiority,or supremacy.The degree of control lies within a spectrum that can be enjoyed by any combatant.This can range from a parity(or neutral)situation,where neither adversary can claim control over the other,to air superiority,to air supremacy over an entire operational area,all depending upon the situation and the joint force commanders(JFCs)concept of operations.The figure,“Control of the Air Continuum,”defines the degrees of operational area control and illustrates their relationship.The desired degree of control of the air is typically at least air superiority to enable the successful execution of joint operations such as strategic attack,interdiction,and close air support.In a peer or near-peer conflict,air superiority may not be able to be achieved in all places or at all times.Normally,counterair operations are classified as offensive or defensive.However,airpowers inherent flexibility allows missions and aircraft to shift from defensive to offensive(or vice versa)to adapt to changing conditions in the operational environment.Counterair operations can be conducted across the tactical,operational,and strategic levels of war by any component or element of the joint force.Operations may be conducted ov