高中英语语法-名词从句（宾从+同位从）-1对1辅导教材-真题35

主讲教师：XXX NOUN CLAUSEn定义与组成n做题步骤n主语从句n表语从句n宾语从句n同位语从句n关系词n名词性从句的虚拟语气 n宾语从句n同位语从句n关系词n名词性从句的虚拟语气 宾语从句OBJECTIVE CLAUSE语序:陈述语序时态:由主句时态决定从句时态宾从谓语主句谓语一般现在时根据情况使用各种时态一般过去时必须用某种过去时态,客观真理用一般现在时语序与时态主语在前，谓语在后I consider it necessary that we should learn English wellconsider find think feel make 等动词常带宾语补足语这时要用形式宾语 it,宾语从句放到宾补之后We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible.(改用形式宾语 it)I consider that we should learn English well necessary.We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.it不能漏从句后移宾语补足语同位语从句APPOSITIVE CLAUSE同位语从句说明被修饰词的内容fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,plan,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,idea在句中作同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句它用以进一步说明与它同位的名词所表示的具体内容。常见引导词:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑问词事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.我怎么做的这一问题难回答.他们根本不知去哪儿找食物他是否来这个问题不重要.我突然想到他可能在图书馆.The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear.The question how I did it is hard to answer.They had no idea where they should go to find some food.The question whether he comes or not is not important.(if)A thought came to me that he might be in the library.只起连接的作用不充当句子成分除了引导句子外还充当一定的句子成分与前面的名词是同位关系表示这个名词的内容对先行词起修饰作用，表示“的”that 一般不能省关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾语时，常省略引导词That与先行词的关系引导词省略同位语从句定语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛利。1、从句的作用不同The news that you told us is really encouraging.从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。同位语从句定语从句引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。Dad made a promise that excited all his children.that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语2、关联词that功能不同Dad made a promise that he would buy me a gift if I passed the test.that 不充当任何成分同位语从句定语从句that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故不能用which替换；而that引导定语从句时是代词，常可以和另一关系代词which替换。The fact that surprised me is that he is a thief.第一个that可换为which，第二个不行，因为它引导的是表语从句。3、that能否替换whichThe fact that he is from Canada is new to me.that不可换为which同位语从句定语从句同位语从句的关联词，除that外，还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；定语从句不可用what,how,whether等引导。I had no idea at all what I should do next.There is no proof whether he was killed by others.4、其他关联词：when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。They put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.1.The news _ another power station will be built cheered all the villagers.A which B that C what D whatever2 The news _ he told us is exciting.Which of the following is wrong?A what B C which D thatBAPractice3.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.A.which B.that C.whom D.when4.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A.that B.which C.when D.what5.I have no idea _he will come back.A.where B.when C.what D.thatBABPractice关系词Connective wordsI gave him what books I had.我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he had about him.他把身边带有的钱全给了我。注：what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词，并且后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词，其后修饰名词what+不可数名词=所有的都what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部What friends she has are out of the country.她有的那些朋友全在国外。We gave him what(little)help we could.我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。引导词that 的省略that不可省略的情况主语从句表语从句同位语从句部分宾语从句（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉（3）用it做形式宾语时，that不能省Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatPractice在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether 后面直接跟or not 时用whether 主语从句、表语从句中只能用whetherwhether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能whether和if的用法It all depends on whether they will come back.I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.The question of whether they are male or female is not important.Whether he comes or not,we will begin our party on time.a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.小结：不能使用if 的情况1.I doubt _he is telling the truth.2.We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out.3.Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?4.Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.1.I doubt if/whether he will pass the exam.2.I dont doubt that we will win the match.3.Do you doubt that he did it on his own?肯定句中用 if/whether否定句中用 that 疑问句中用 that if/whether that that if/whether doubt问题-ever类Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.引导名词性从句Whoever,Whatever,Whichever定语从句anyone whoanything thatno matter who/what/which引导让步状语从句Whoever breaks the law should be punished.No matter who breaks the law,he should be punished.Ill show you anything you want to see.Ill show you _ you want to see.You may choose anyone who