TED演讲-DNA技术如何能增加粮食产量LauraBoykin(中英文参考学习)12

演讲者及介绍Laura Boykin劳拉·博伊金，计算生物学家，活动家，美国国务院国际信息局高级研究员。她利用技术帮助东非的农民获得更多的粮食来养活他们的家人。演讲主题我们如何使用DNA技术来帮助农民对抗农作物疾病翻译者 Yen Yen 校对者 psjmz mz00:13I get out of bed for two reasons. One,small-scale family farmers need more food. It's crazy that in 2019 farmers thatfeed us are hungry. And two, science needs to be more diverse and inclusive. Ifwe're going to solve the toughest challenges on the planet, like foodinsecurity for the millions living in extreme poverty, it's going to take allof us. 我早上起床为了两个原因。第一，小规模农民家庭需要更多的粮食。2019年，为我们供应粮食的农民们还要忍饥受饿，简直不可思议。第二，科学需要更多元化，更包容。如果我们要解决地球上最艰难的挑战，如拯救成千上万地瘠民贫的粮食短缺，就需要我们所有人的共同努力。00:41I want to use the latest technology withthe most diverse and inclusive teams on the planet to help farmers have morefood. I'm a computational biologist. I know - what is that and how is it goingto help end hunger? Basically, I like computers and biology and somehow,putting that together is a job. 我要用最先进的科技，和地球上最多元化和包容的团队一起，帮助农民们生产更多的粮食。我是一位计算生物学家。你们可能会好奇，那是什么？它将如何杜绝饥饿？这么说吧，我喜欢计算机和生物学，于是它们以某种方式结合在一起就成了一项工作。01:01(Laughter) （笑声）01:02I don't have a story of wanting to be abiologist from a young age. The truth is, I played basketball in college. Andpart of my financial aid package was I needed a work-study job. So one randomday, I wandered to the nearest building to my dorm room. And it just so happensit was the biology building. I went inside and looked at the job board. Yes,this is pre-the-internet. And I saw a three-by-five card advertising a job towork in the herbarium. I quickly took down the number, because it said"flexible hours," and I needed that to work around my basketball schedule.I ran to the library to figure out what an herbarium was. 我没有从小要成为一个生物学家的故事。事实是，我在大学时是打篮球的。我一部分的经济来源依赖半工半读。突然有一天，我漫步到了宿舍旁边的建筑物，那刚好是生物学系。我进去看到了招聘告示板。是的，那是在还没有互联网的时代。我看到了一张明信片大小的卡片，招募人员到植物标本室工作。我赶紧记下联络号码，因为它说"工作时间灵活", 我需要那个来配合我的篮球时间表。然后我跑去图书馆查什么是植物标本室。01:49(Laughter) （笑声）01:51And it turns out an herbarium is where theystore dead, dried plants. I was lucky to land the job. So my first scientificjob was gluing dead plants onto paper for hours on end. 原来植物标本室是来收藏死了，干了的植物。我幸运地被录取了。所以我的第一份科学工作就是花上几个小时将枯死的植物粘在纸上。02:08(Laughter) （笑声） 02:11It's so glamorous. This is how I became acomputational biologist. During that time, genomics and computing were comingof age. And I went on to do my masters combining biology and computers. 它是如此的风光啊。这就是我如何成为了计算生物学家。在那个时候，基因组学和计算学如日方升。毕业后我开始攻读结合生物学和计算机的硕士。02:26During that time, I worked at Los AlamosNational Lab in the theoretical biology and biophysics group. And it was thereI had my first encounter with the supercomputer, and my mind was blown. Withthe power of supercomputing, which is basically thousands of connected PCs onsteroids, we were able to uncover the complexities of influenza and hepatitisC. And it was during this time that I saw the power of using computers andbiology combined, for humanity. And I wanted this to be my career path. So,since 1999, I've spent the majority of my scientific career in very high-techlabs, surrounded by really expensive equipment. 当时，我在拉斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室理论生物学和生物物理学组工作。就在那里，我初次见证了超级计算机，真是惊为天人。借助超级计算机，也就是数千台联网电脑的力量，我们能够发现流感病毒和丙性肝炎的复杂性。正是这时候我看到了利用计算机和生物学相结合来造福人类的力量。我想把这当作终生事业。所以，从1999年开始，我大部分的科学生涯都在非常高科技的实验室里度过，周围都是非常昂贵的设备。03:10So many ask me how and why do I work forfarmers in Africa. Well, because of my computing skills, in 2013, a team ofEast African scientists asked me to join the team in the plight to savecassava. Cassava is a plant whose leaves and roots feed 800 million peopleglobally. And 500 million in East Africa. So that's nearly a billion peoplerelying on this plant for their daily calories. If a small-scale family farmerhas enough cassava, she can feed her family and she can sell it at the marketfor important things like school fees, medical expenses and savings. 很多人问我，我为什么，又是如何为非洲的农民工作的。由于我的计算技能，在2013年，一个东非科学家小组邀请我加入拯救木薯的队伍。木薯的叶子和根部能养活全球8亿人，有5亿人在东非。差不多有十亿人依靠这种植物来供应他们每天的卡路里。如果一个小型家庭农场主有足够的木薯，她就可以养活她的家人，并在市场上售卖这些木薯，换取重要的东西，如学费，医疗费用和储蓄。03:58But cassava is under attack in Africa.Whiteflies and viruses are devastating cassava. Whiteflies are tiny insectsthat feed on the leaves of over 600 plants. They are bad news. There are manyspecies; they become pesticide resistant; and they transmit hundreds of plantviruses that cause cassava brown streak disease and cassava mosaic disease.This completely kills the plant. And if there's no cassava, there's no food orincome for millions of people. 但是，木薯的种植在非洲受到了冲击。粉虱和病毒在摧毁着木薯。粉虱是体型微小的昆虫，以超过600种植物的树叶为食。它们不请自来，有很多种类，具有抗药性，还能传播数百种植物病毒，导致木薯患上棕色条纹病和木薯马赛克病。这会彻底杀死作物。如果没有木薯，那数百万人就没有食物或收入。04:36It took me one trip to Tanzania to realizethat these women need some help. These amazing, strong, small-scale familyfarmers, the majority women, are doing it rough. They don't have enough food tofeed their families, and it's a real crisis. What happens is they go out andplant fields of cassava when the rains come. Nine months later, there'snothing, because