考研英语阅读Claude Levi Strauss
本文格式为Word版，下载可编辑2022考研英语阅读Claude Levi Strauss Claude Lvi-Strauss 克洛德列维-斯特劳斯 Claude Lvi-Strauss, anthropologist, died onOctober 30th, aged 100. 人类学家克洛德列维-斯特劳斯于10月30日逝世，享年100岁。 Before Claude Lvi-Strauss revolutionised thediscipline, anthropology in France, and generally elsewhere, was a matter of ill-attendedlectures in small, cold halls, and the collection of feathers and fish-hooks as evidence of thequaint divergences of the primitive tribes of mankind. He made it as fashionable asphilosophy and poetry, both of which he wove through his ethnographical studies as perhapsonly French intellectuals can. The proper study of mankind was indeed man: not in hispoliticking, warring or banking, but naked, painting his body, hunting bears, snaring birds.Here lay the universal truths about how the human mind worked and what man was. 在克洛德列维-斯特劳斯变革这门学科之前，无论在法国，还是世界其它地方，人类学普遍是下面的情形：又小又冷的讲堂，冷冷清清的课堂，各色的羽毛和鱼钩。列维-斯特劳斯让人类学变成了和哲学、诗歌一样时髦的东西，并把这两种元素融入进自己的民族学著作中，这唯恐只有法国的学问分子才办得到。讨论人类就应当纯粹去讨论人：不是披着政客、士兵或银行家外衣的那类人，而是赤身裸体、肤着油彩、猎熊捕鸟的这类人。这里存在着关于人类思索模式及人之本性的普遍真理。 Obedient to Rousseau, who always set him aflame, Mr Lvi-Strauss observed men fromafar. He never got too near or stayed too long in his rare stints of field-work, mostly in Brazilin the 1930s; he grasped only a few words of the languages, and avoided the hatefuldistractions of individual characters. In the bitter phrase of Jean-Paul Sartre, with whom hesparred for years, he preferred to view men like ants. He focused not on their differences buton the deep-lying patterns and systems in everything they did, until he could proclaim thatall tribal myths were reducible to one formula, and that all human thought, savage or not,was built up from binary opposites such as hot and cold, night and day, raw and cooked, goodand bad. Round these concepts whole societies, as well as stories, were organised. 列维-斯特劳斯是卢梭的忠实信徒，后者的思想常常让他热血沸腾，所以，斯特劳斯是用一种超然于物外的态度观看的人类。在他屈指可数的几次田野调查中，他从不和当地的族群走得太近，也不久留，所以土著语也说不了几句，并极力避开让可恶的个人性格特点干扰自己的讨论。和他口上交锋多年的让-保罗萨特曾用辛辣的语言评价列维-斯特劳斯，说他喜爱把人类看成是一堆蚂蚁。斯特劳斯做观看时，会忽视掉族群间的差异，而是注意隐秘于全部行为下面共通的模式和系统，直到他可以将全部族群的神话都归到同一个方程式。除此之外，人类全部的思索无论是野蛮人的想法，还是文明人的思维都是一种二元对立结构，像冷和热、白天和黑夜、生食和熟食、好和坏。全部社会，无一例外，都是围绕这些对立的概念构建而成的，各种的神话故事就更不用说了。 Claude Lvi-Strauss 克洛德列维-斯特劳斯 Claude Lvi-Strauss, anthropologist, died onOctober 30th, aged 100. 人类学家克洛德列维-斯特劳斯于10月30日逝世，享年100岁。 Before Claude Lvi-Strauss revolutionised thediscipline, anthropology in France, and generally elsewhere, was a matter of ill-attendedlectures in small, cold halls, and the collection of feathers and fish-hooks as evidence of thequaint divergences of the primitive tribes of mankind. He made it as fashionable asphilosophy and poetry, both of which he wove through his ethnographical studies as perhapsonly French intellectuals can. The proper study of mankind was indeed man: not in hispoliticking, warring or banking, but naked, painting his body, hunting bears, snaring birds.Here lay the universal truths about how the human mind worked and what man was. 在克洛德列维-斯特劳斯变革这门学科之前，无论在法国，还是世界其它地方，人类学普遍是下面的情形：又小又冷的讲堂，冷冷清清的课堂，各色的羽毛和鱼钩。列维-斯特劳斯让人类学变成了和哲学、诗歌一样时髦的东西，并把这两种元素融入进自己的民族学著作中，这唯恐只有法国的学问分子才办得到。讨论人类就应当纯粹去讨论人：不是披着政客、士兵或银行家外衣的那类人，而是赤身裸体、肤着油彩、猎熊捕鸟的这类人。这里存在着关于人类思索模式及人之本性的普遍真理。 Mr Lvi-Strauss, throwing down the gauntlet in La Pense Sauvage in 1962, saw nothingprimitive about the tribes he studied. Totemism, for example, was a system as complex asthe Linnaean classification. In tribal myths, apparently diverse and arbitrary elementseruptions by lizards and woodpeckers, the significance of black arrows or the artemisiaplantwere suddenly revealed to have a universal unity at their heart, a quest forobjective knowledge and origins as acute as any in the West. The minds behind them werenot savage, just untamed. The salient difference was that his tribesmen stayed withintheir limits, simply putting the materials they had together in new ways, like handymen orbricoleurs. Civilised man, on the other hand, tried to defy his constraints and change theworld with new inventions, like an engineer. 列维-斯特劳斯在1962年出版了野性的思维一书，等于是下的战书。斯特劳斯认为自己讨论的原始族群一点都不原始。比如，图腾这个系统的简单程度堪比林奈的植物学分类体系。族群神话中那些表面看起来简单任意的元素 比如蜥蜴、啄木鸟和火山爆发，比如黑色的箭或是蒿类植物的特别含义假如究其内核，会突然显现出协同全都性，那是一种对于客观学问和万物由来的探求，当中表现出的急迫感不亚于西方任何一次同类的探求。神话背后折射出的不是一群野蛮人的思维，只是未驯服的思维。斯特劳斯笔下的原始人和我们明显不同的地方在于，他们并不逾越自身所处的限度，而只是把已有的东西换一种方式重新组合而已，就像杂活工一样。而文明人则似乎工程师：通过创新创造来藐视人类自身的局限，来转变世界。 6 / 6
