上海中考英语A篇阅读理解解题技巧讲解

上海中考英语A篇阅读理解解题技巧讲解 一、知识框架二、知识点梳理. 细节理解题一、解题思路1. 凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。2. 干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。【案例分析】Lins enjoyment of basketball actually began in Taiwan, where his father started watching it. Lins father moved to U.S., and passed on this love of basketball to his son, the young Lin spent much of his youth playing basketball for fun, learning from his father and older brother. But his family taught him about more than basketball. After games, his parents would discuss not only his score but also his conduct toward other players. This taught Lin that character was more important than playing well.74. Lins enjoyment of basketball started in .A. Taiwan B. the U.S C. Harvard University D. NBA【解析】1. 断案extract the key word in the questionLins enjoyment ; basketball; started2. 去案发现场寻找蛛丝马迹find the original sentence in the passage Lins enjoyment of basketball; began in = start 3:找到证据,破解案情get answers near the sentenceLins enjoyment of basketball actually began in Taiwan. 理解推断题一、解题思路推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而做出合乎逻辑的判断。二、设题方式常以infer（推断），imply（暗示），suggest, conclude（推断），learn, intend（意指），mean, describe, purpose等词提问。提问方式如下：1. We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.2. We can infer from the text that _.3. From the story we can guess _.4. What would be happy if ? 5. How did the writer feel at Vienna station?6. The writer writes this text to _.7. The writer believes that _.8. The writer suggests that _.三、解题方法1. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论 逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。【案例分析】The continent of Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this is shown in traditional dress. You often find three colors red, gold and green in the clothing. The first color stands for the blood of millions of people who suffered as slaves(奴隶); the second is for the rich resources of the African earth; and the third represents the grasslands of home.76. According to the passage, red _.A) represents the setting sunB) stands for African unityC) is chosen because it is a bright colorD) is a reminder(暗示) of the sad history in Africa【解析】根据文中所呈现的一句话的意识是：“第一个颜色（红色）代表着成千上万的作为奴隶的人们的血液”答案A：代表夕阳 B 代表非洲的团结 C 被选择因为他是一个明亮的颜色此处三个都属于不符合文章所陈述的事实，论点。D 选项说它暗示了非洲的一段伤心的历史（从文章中的blood以及suffered as slaves）可以得出答案。2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断 做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文（段）意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。 【案例分析】As part of its fortieth anniversary (周年纪念日), Sesame Street had a special guest on its show. First Lady Michelle Obama showed a group of children and Big Bird how to plant. She explained that the seeds would grow into vegetables, which are healthy and good to eat. She also had a message to the parents who watch the show with their children. She said parents can help their children do things to have healthy lives, like getting enough exercise.77. On the programs fortieth anniversary, First Lady tried to help parents learn _. A) how to grow and eat vegetables correctlyB) to watch the show with their childrenC) to teach children to do enough exerciseD) the importance of a healthy life for their children【解析】综合整段的含义，我们可以抓住主题内容：在14周年的纪念日上，这个电视节目请来一个十分重要的贵宾，通过这位贵宾给孩子们演示种子如何生长成为对孩子们健康有益以及很好吃的蔬菜的同时，也给和孩子们一起看电视的家长传达一个信息：父母可以帮助他们的孩子健康的生活。本文中的题干说道试图帮助父母去学习什么：A/B两个答案可以直接排除，难点就在于C/D的把握问题：文章最后一句有个关键词是“like”后面一句只是一个举例，不能作为一个主干的结构去成为这题的答案，所以排除C，因此D就是最好的答案。3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断 认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性变化的标志性词汇或句子，对我们掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。【案例分析】Fifteen is such an awful age, I should know. I really wish I were eighteen. If you are an adult, you can be your own boss. People like my parents and teachers are always telling me what to do. You know what I mean. “Its time for bed, Sally.” Or “Sally, youve watched too much TV for one night.” “Sally, stand up straight.” “Sally, you must improve your handwriting.” Sally this. Sally that. No one tells adults when they go to bed or not to watch TV. Besides, adults get to wear what they like Now its going to be great to be an adult. Dont you agree?76. Sally feels _ to be told to do this and that.A. powerful B. enjoyable C. awful D. strange【解析】方法一: 反映语境褒贬性变化的标志性词汇或句子原文:People like my parents and teachers are always telling me what to do.掌握be always doing这个词组表示有一种贬义的抱怨色彩的话,这是解题技巧方法之一.方法二: 了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处原文：No one tells adults when they go to bed or not to watch TV. Besides, adults get to wear what they like Now its going to be great to be an adult. Dont you agree?. 猜测词义题1、 出题趋势考察单词或者句子在语境中的含义【案例分析】But slowly, the excitement wore off(逐渐消失) and was replaced