[名词性从句]

Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note,Noun clauses as the object and predicative,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),英语句子结构概论,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句,1. The boy who is standing over there is Tom.,2. Because it is raining , we have to stay at home.,定语从句,状语从句,3. I know (that) he is from America.,(宾语从句）,名词性从句-,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know who will win the match . The question is who will win the match . The question who will win the match is interesting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Noun Clauses (名词性从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositive Clause （同位语从句）,Object Clause （宾语从句）,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,Object Clauses 宾语从句,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses （引导名词性从句的关联词）：,what(ever), which(ever); who(ever), whom(ever), whose,that, whether, if,when(ever), where(ver), how(ever), why,做及物动词的宾语,做介词的宾语,做形容词的宾语,一、连词（引导词） 1. that 1)当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.,The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.,2.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的从句也可算是宾语从句(that可省略)。,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,3）宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：,（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining. （2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省。I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside. （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句，that不可省。,1.I dont think _ she is coming. 2.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud. 3.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,(that),1. I dont doubt _ he can speak English. 2. I doubt_ he can speak English.,whether/ if,that,当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时时，由连词whether或if引导， “是否”，不能省略。,(1) Lily wanted to know _ her grandma liked the handbag . (2) Lets see _ we can find out some information about that city . (3) She asked me _ she could borrow these books .,2. whether/if,whether/ if,whether/ if,whether/ if,注意 whether和if的使用区别:,1) whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，但 a. 当从句中有or not时就用whether,不用if。 b. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if表示“是否”。 c. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. 2) if可以引导条件状语从句，whether无此用法。,I dont know whether or not I will stay.,I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,If you are to succeed, you ought to work harder.,I dont know whether to tell him about this.,Practice time,I asked her _ she had a bike. Were worried about _ he is safe. I dont know _ he is well or not. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well. 5. I dont know _ I should go.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,_ to go.,whether,3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，由疑问词（what, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, how, why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。,Do you know _ he said just now ? I dont remember _ we arrived . I asked him _ I could get so much money in so short a time. Please tell me _ we have to see . Do you know _ time the plane leaves ?,what,when,where,who / whom,what,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。,I know he _ here .(live) I know he _ here ten years ago .(live) I have heard that he _ tomorrow . (come),lives,lived,will come,2. 如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,I knew who _ here. (live) I saw she _ her mother. (talk) He asked whether his father _ tomorrow. (come back) He said that he _ it before. (see),3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,He said the earth _ around the sun.（travel）,lived,was talking with,would come back,had seen,travels,三、语序 宾语从句要用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,1. I dont know what is the matter / the trouble/ wrong with him. 2. I dont know who did it. 3. I dont know who is he.,1. His brother asks when he will go to the library . 2. His brother asks when will he go to the library .,1. I dont know what he wants to buy . 2. I dont know what does he want to buy .,21,如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语 it 而将真正的宾语that/wh-从句放到补足语后面；find, feel, think, believe, guess, make e.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me 我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。,用it作形式宾语的宾语从句,1). Can you make sure_ Alice has put the gold ring. 2). It all depends on _they will support us . 3). She will give _needs help a warm support. 4). He made _clear to the public _ he did an important and necessary job .,where,whether,whoever,it,that,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. if B. that C. weather D. whether 2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C