Unit 2 English around the world Section B Language Points
Unit 2 English around the worldUnit 2 English around the world Language points 1. Nearly all of them lived in England. nearly 与 almost 用法明辨： （1）两者通用的场合。 a. 在肯定句中。 b. 修饰all, every, always 等时。 c. 在行为动词的否定式前时。 （2）只用 almost 的场合。 a. 和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never 等连用时。 b. 和too, more than 等连用时。 c. 和表示感觉或心理活动的静态动词连 用时。 （3）只用Nearly的场合。 a. 被 very, not, pretty等修饰时。 b. 和具体数字连用时（nearly常用）。 2. voyage 在此为可数名词，意为“旅行， 航行”。又如： The Titanic went under on its first voyage. They supplied this ship with enough food and necessities for a long voyage. I dont want to make the voyage without help. 拓展 voyage还可用作动词，意为“（乘船） 航行，航海”。例如： They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean. 注意区别名词travel，journey，trip和 voyage：travel用作不可数名词，只用于泛 指从某地去另一地，如果某人在某段时间 里到处走，可用travels；journey用作可数 名词， 表示去某地所花的时间和旅行的距离 ，尤指较长距离的或定期的旅行； trip用作可数名词，表示非定期的， 也许较短的往返旅行；voyage则常指 海上旅行或太空旅行。例如： Air travel is becoming cheaper. Hes on his travels again. Lily had a long and difficult journey through the mountains last year. The kids are going on a trip to the castle. 3. because no matter whether 即使；尽管 是连词词组，用来引导让步状语从句； 若主、从句皆表示将来情况，从句中可 用一般现在时代替将来时。 后面既可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。 Even if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing. 观察下面句子： 1. Even if I had money, I wouldnt buy it. 2. If I had money, I would buy it. 3. It looks as if it is going to rain. even if 引导让步状语从句；if 引导条件 状语从句； as if/ though 似乎是, 引导方 式状语从句。 (2) even if 从句所说的不那么肯定。 even though 从句是事实。 Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.) ( Even ) though he is poor, she loves him. ( = He is poor, yet she loves him.) A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station. The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up. Your question came up at the meeting. come about 出现；发生 come across 偶然遇到或找到 6. come up 走近，上来 升起 被提出讨论 come around 恢复；还原；改变某人 的意见或立场 come down 传承；按习惯通过或处理 come out 成为众所周知；发行或发表 ；结果；自己公开宣布 come over 过来；偶然拜访 come up with 宣布或发现 The doctor came up with a cure for the disease. 7. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的 ，而现代英语不是。 base (v.) 意为“以为根据，把基地 设在”，常构成短语base sth. on/upon sth。又如： 1. This novel is based on fact. 这部小说是以事实为根据的。 2. The paper had intended to base itself in London. 3. This film is based on a novel by D. H. Lawrence. 拓展 base还可用作名词，意为“底部，基地 ，基础”等。例如： There is a door at the base of the tower. How many military bases are they maintaining on foreign soil? Many languages have Latin as their base. 掌握base构成的两个短语： be off base意为“完全错误，大错特 错”； touch base (with) sb意为“（跟某人） 联系上，逗留”。 8. present 1) 当前的, 现在的 (作前置定语) Did you see the present national leaders? Can you tell us something about the present situation? 2) 出席的, 在场的(作表语或后置定语) Our teacher was present at the meeting. All the people present agree to my plan. n. 目前, 现在; 礼物 I cant spare time because I am busy at present. What present did you receive from your parents? vt. 赠与, 赠给予present sth to / with sb Mother presented a gift to me just now. at present: now; at this time, at this moment 1)Shes busy at present and cant speak to you. 她现在很忙，不能跟你谈话。 2) At present he is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. 目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授。 9. Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为广 泛的词汇量。 make (good/full/no) use of 使用 1. We could make good use of our resources. 2. Every minute should be made good use of. 3. She makes use of people she meets as heroes for her novel. 4. We should make good use of time to study. 拓展 make构成的常见短语：make of，make from 通常用于被动语态，构成be made of，be made from 都表示“由 制成”， 其中be made of 表示在产品中能够看出 原材料；be made from 表示在产品中 看不出原材料；make up 编写；编造； 和解；make up of 由组成/构成； make up for 弥补，补偿；make out理 解，弄懂；看清，(勉强)辨认出；假装 ，装成；make into 制成；make it 成功，办成；及时赶到 10. the number of/ a number of the number of “.的数目“，接可数名 词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 The number of undergraduates has increased over the years. a number of 许多 大量 (后接复数名词)， 此短语加复数名词在句中做主语时，谓语 动词用复数。（ a great number of / a large number of / a small number of ） A number of teachers are on leave. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was ; were D. were; were C 只能修饰可数名词的： a large/ great/ good number of, a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few 只能修饰不可数名词的： a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little, a large sum of 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词的： plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of 11. such as & for example such as 用来列举事物时, 一般列举同类 人或事物中的几个例子且所列举事物的 数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和, 一旦 相等,要用that is 或namely. I have three good friends, such as John, Jack and Tom. × for example: 用来举例说明某一论点或情 况, 一般只举同类人或物中的 “一个” 为 例, 作插入语,可位于句首, 句中或句尾, 通常与所给的例子用逗号隔开. 其后的例 子可以是从句. He can speak four languages such as English and French. Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. 用such as, for example, namely 填空 (1) Students , _ Tom and Mary, should be learnt from. (2) ear something simple, _, a skirt and blouse. (3) He knows six la
