英文合同制作技巧

英文合同协议,提纲：,一、英文合同书的结构二、英文合同条款的写作规则三、英文合同书的文体四、英文合同书的用词五、实例分析六、参考书目,一、英文合同书的结构（以国际贸易合同和一般商业合同为例）,（一）国际贸易中使用的英文合同书通常由以下内容构成：1、标题（Title）2、前言(Non-operative Part)导入部分：日期(date)、签订地(place)、当事人(parties)说明条款(recitals, include whereas clause, consideration)3、正文部分(Operative Part)应履行的债务的具体内容条款：因合同而异的具体条款、合同的共通条款履行债务过程中出现问题时的处理条款合同出现变更情况时的处理条款争议的解决条款4、结尾部分(Witness Part)结束语签名盖章5、附注或附表部分(Exhibits, Schedules, Appendices),example,（标题）LICENSE AGREEMENT(进出口许可合同）（导入部分，前言）On the day of January 1,2008, ABC Corporation, a New York corporation, having a principal place of business at 20 Church St., New York 10020, U.S.A., and XYZ Company Limited, a Chinese corporation, having a principal place of business at 201Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China, agree in Guangzhou as follows:（正文部分）Article 1 Background1.00 The licensor has developed certain processes, methods and techniques applied in manufacturing the Licensed Products hereinafter defined.1.01Article 2 DefinitionsArticle 3 License（结尾部分，签名）ABC CorporationBy_ PresidentXYZ Company LimitedBy_ President,analysis in Detail,1、合同书的封面：,2、标题（ Title）与封面保持一致3、前言的导入部分：声明立约之目的和背景、说明签约人情况一般包括三部分：合同签订日期合同签订地合同当事人（1）在写明合同当事人时，请注意，如是自然人，只需写明住处及完整名字，如是法人，则须写明公司所在地、法律上的完整名称、法人种类及公司设立的准据法。股份有限公司名：英国一般缀Limited或Ltd., 美国加上Corporation, Incorporated 或Inc.。,（2）合同当事人所在地不可缺少，明确诉讼发生后确定裁判管辖的重要要素。（3）合同签订地当事人之间就合同的准据法或裁判管辖没有特别的协议，或协议有不完整时，合同签订地是决定准据法及裁判管辖的重要要素。,前言导入部分的示例,THIS AGREEMENT, entered into in Guangzhou(合同签订地） on the day of 10 October, 2008（合同签订日）between xxx Corporation（法律上的名称）, a corporation（法人种类） organized and existing under the laws of the State of New York,（设立的准据法） and having its principal office at 100 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10005, U.S.A.,（公司所在地） hereinafter referred as “Seller”, （当事人简称）and YYY Company, Limited, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of China, and having its principal office at 100 Huangpu Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China, hereinafter referred as “Buyer”.,4、前言的说明条款或正文的背景条款由于每句开头的whereas,也称为whereas Clause,用于说明合同签订的整个过程及目的。示例：签署专利实施许可合同条件之一，是建立在接受不断改良和更新专利技术的基础上的，一旦Licensor终止研究与开发，可请求解除合同。,另外，对价的内容示例：In consideration of ，表明合同有对价，是有偿合同。,5、合同书的正文部分主要包括：（1）规定合同必须履行的债务内容的条款 a)各种合同共通的条款 i) 定义条款 ii）合同期限条款 iii）通知条款 iv) 最终性条款 v）转让债权或接受债务条款 b）因合同而异的条款（2）规定债务履行过程中出现问题时的处理条款 a)关于解除合同的条款 b）关于修改或变更合同的条款（3）不可抗力条款或履行困难条款（4）争议的解决条款 a）裁判管辖条款 b）准据法条款 c）仲裁条款,定义条款：,合同期限条款：,通知条款：注意合同各方对待送达的法律效力的差异，比如英美法的发信主义以及其他国家的到达主义等。,涉及合同解释权利和义务的条款In case part of or all know-how of the above-mentioned technical contents have been published by Party B or Third Parties and Party A obtains evidence of such publication, then Party A shall no longer be responsible for keeping secret and confidential the part already published.如上述专利技术一部分或全部已被乙方或第三方公布，而甲方（也掌握有已公布的证据）则不再承担保密义务。,有关仲裁的条款：Arbitration: All disputes in connection with this contract or arising in the execution therefore shall first be settled amicably by negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the case under dispute may then be submitted for arbitration.,合同延期或终止的条款:The owner may at any time terminate this Contract by giving written notice to the Supplier, without compensation to the Supplier, if the Supplier becomes bankrupt or otherwise insolvent, provided that such termination will not prejudice or affect any right of action or remedy which has accrued or will accrue thereafter to the owner.当供应方破产或无清偿能力时,业主可在任何时候书面通知供应方终止合同而对供应方无任何补偿,(但规定)终止合同不应损害好或影响对业主已采取或将采取补救措施的任何权利.,6、结尾部分（作证或担保）,合同结尾条款：In Witness Whereof the Parties hereto have caused this Form of Agreement to be executed the day and year first before written in accordance with their respective laws and have caused their respective common seals to be hereunto affixed.为此，立约双方代表在本协议上各自签名并加盖公章以资证明，并自签字之日起生效.,(二）一般商业合同的基本内容,最广泛的商业合同可包括以下22项内容：1、名称条款(Title)2、总则条款(General Principle)签约日期、地点、当事人及其职务、约因3、商品条款(Name of Commodity)商品的国际名称、与关税、与运费4、货品条款(Quality)确定品货的方法、标准、确定品质的时间和地点5、数量条款(Quantity)确定数量单位、计算方法、交货数量的地点和时间，及差异的处理。6、价格条款(Price)价格结构、价格币制、价格计算单位、价格风险及保值。7、包装条款(Packing)内包装方法，包装容量、填塞物、外包装种类、包装尺寸及吨头等。,8、保险条款(Insurance)投保人、险别、保险金额与货币及理赔地点9、交货条款(Shipment & Delivery)交货地点、交货期、交货方式、交货通知及付款10、专利、商标等条款(Industrial Property Rights & Patent) 范畴、时间、费用、违反工业产权与专利责任的规定11、付款条件(Payment)付款日期、付款方式、付款币制、延付或拒付的规定12、检验条款(Inspection)13、培训条款(Training)14、保密条款(Confidential)保密项目、范畴、措施等,15、保证条款(Guarantee)履约保证、银行保证、保证办法及违约罚款措施16、索赔条款(Claim)索赔原则、期限、通知、证明文件、退货与付款17、违约或毁约条款(Breach & Rescission of Contract)违约因由、毁约条件的规定、赔偿及债务、债权的责任18、仲裁条款(Arbitration)仲裁范畴、仲裁地点、仲裁机构、仲裁人的选定、仲裁费等,19、不可抗力条款(Force Majeure)事件原因、时间地点、证明文件、责任及处理20、适用法律(Applicable Laws)21、其他条款(Miscellaneous)22、结尾条款(Witness),二、英文合同条款的写作规则,1、条、款、号的表示第几条的标识可以用Article 1,Section 1等形式表示，也可直接用1、2、3等表示。条：1、2、3款： （1）、（2）、（3）号： （a）、（b）、（c）如再进一步细分用（i）、（ii）、（iii）表示。,2、条款的标题：见前商业合同标题3、关于但书（provision)但书条款会使得句子过长，应尽量避免使用，必要时可用but 或however代替。示例：保险合同书使用但书：Now this Policy witness that the company agrees to pay to the assured upon the happening of any event specified in the schedule the amount set out in the schedule in respect of that event.Provided always that a payment shall not be made under this policy until such proofs of the happening of event on which the particular payment depends as the Company shall consider necessary shall have been lodged with it.不要但书：Now this Policy witness as follows-This policy shall be subject to the conditions contained in it and in the schedule.,