土木工程专业英语精华.doc

土木工程专业英语精华土木工程专业英语精华Lesson 1单词：1.predominate 局支配地位，统治， （数量上）占优势2.geotechnical 岩土工程3.specification 载明，详述，技术要求，说明书，清单4.supervise 监督，管理，控制5.subcontractors 转包合同，转包工作6.hurricane 飓风7.asphalt 沥青8.aluminum 铝9.runoff 雨量，流量，决赛10.lock 水闸11.fill 充足，饱满，装填物12.scrubber 洗涤器，13.incineration 烧尽，焚化14.toxic 有毒性的bustible 易燃的，可燃的16.ramp 斜坡，斜面17.excavate 挖掘，发掘18.precisely 精确地19.aerial 空气，大气的，航空的20.sonic 能发出声音的21.plotting 测绘，标图22.municipal 市政的，mission 委任，委托，委员会24.drainage system 排水系统句子：1.They evaluate and work to minimize the potential settlement of buildings and other structures that stems from the pressure of their weight on the earth.他们计算建筑和其他结构犹豫自重压力可能引起的沉降，并采取措施使之减少到最少2.They coordinate the activities of virtually everyone engaged in the work.事实上，他们协调工程中每个人的活动。

3.They may also manage private engineering firms ranging in size from a few employees to hundreds .他们也可能管理规模为从几个到数百个雇员的私营工程公司4. Many teaching civil engineers engage in basic research that eventually leads to technical innovations in construction materials and methods.许多从事教学的土木工程师参与会导致建筑材料和施工方法技术革新的基础研究Lesson2单词1.partition 分开，分割，隔墙，隔板2.converter 炼钢炉3.framework 框架，构架，结构4.surpass 超过胜过5.exterior 外部的，外面的6.lintel 过梁7.opaque 不透明的，不透光的8.duck 甲板，舱面，桥面9.corrugate 弄皱10.duct 管道11.ancillary 辅助的12.ventilate 使通风13.allocate 分配，分派，配给14.conceal 隐蔽，隐瞒15.conduit 管道，导管16.strtification 分层，层理17.exhibit 显示，呈现18.curtain wall 悬墙19.bearing wall 承重墙20.plumbing system 卫生设备系统21.air conditioning 空气调节句子：1.Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because of the enormous wall thickness required.因为所需墙体的厚度很大，承重墙结构限制了建筑物的高度。

2.Corrugated steel decks ate often used in office buildings because the corrugations,when enclosed by another sheet of metal,form ducts for telephone and electrical lines.办公大楼中常使用波纹钢地板，这是因为波纹钢地板的波纹当由另一块金属板盖上时，可以形成线和电线管道3.All soils beneath the surface are in a state of compaction;that is.they are under a pressure that is equal to the weight of the soil column above it.所有地表以下的土都处于受压状态，说的精确些，这些土承受与作用在其上的土柱重量相等的压力Lesson3单词1.spectacular 壮观的，惊人的2.sway 摇动，要掰3.residential 居住的住宅的mercial 商业的商务的5.innovation 革新，创新，新方法，新事物6.boundary 分界线，边界7.eliminate 排除，消除8.apartment 公寓住宅，但愿住宅9.column 柱10.demonstrate 示范，证明11.project 凸出，投射12.stress 应力，压力13.truss 构架桁架14.bundle 捆，束，包15.terminate 使终止16.facade 正面，立面17.perimeter 周围，周界18.encroach 侵犯，侵占19.high-rise building 高层建筑20.reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土21.spandrel beam 窗下墙的墙托梁22.shear wall 剪力墙句子：1.In order to tie the exterior columns of a frame structure to the interior vertical trusses,a system of rigid belt trusses at mid-height and at the top of the building may be used.为了把框架结构的外柱与内部垂直桁架连在一起，可以在高层建筑物的中间和顶部设置刚性带式桁架系统。

2.The development of the stressed-skin tube utilizes the facade of the building as a structural element which acts with the framed tube,thus providing an efficient way of resisting lateral loads in high-rise buildings,and resulting in cost-effective column-free interior space with a high ratio of net to gross floor area.薄壳筒体的进步是利用高层建筑的正面墙或者板作为与框筒共同作用的结构构件，为高层建筑抵抗侧向荷载提供了一个有效的途径，而且可获得不设柱子，节省成本，使用面积与建筑面积之比很高的室内空间3.The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area.该体系由间距很小的柱子构成的外框筒与围绕中心设备区的刚性剪力墙内筒组成。

Lesson 7Valley (山)谷，流域obstacle 障碍，妨害物aqueduct 沟渠， 导水管pedestrian 步行者 徒步的，呆板的，通俗的barge n. 驳船，游艇 vt. 用船运输 vi. 蹒跚，闯入isolated adj. 隔离的，孤立的，单独log n. 航行日志，原木，园形木材, 园木 v. 把...记入航行日志， 伐木，把...锯成段vine n. 葡萄树，蔓生植物，攀缘植物， 藤，蔓slant v. (使)倾斜， 歪向 n. 倾斜swift n. [鸟]雨燕， (梳棉机等的)大滚筒 迅速的, 敏捷的, 立刻的 迅速地, 敏捷地subsoil n. 底土, 下层土, 天然地基 v. 掘起...的底土gap n. 缺口, 裂口, 间隙, 缝隙, 差距, 隔阂aerialist n. 高空杂技师tightrope n. 拉紧的绳索cable n. 电缆, 海底电报, 缆, 索 v. 打(海底)电报abutment n. 邻接, 桥礅，桥台，拱座Anchorage 锚地；碇泊处；靠山；寄托stretch v. 伸展, 伸长 n. 一段时间, 一段路程, 伸展girder n. 梁, 钢桁的支架overlap v. (与...)交迭intersect vt. 横断 vi. (直线)相交, 交叉corbel arch 突拱 intermediate pier 中间墩 1. Piles of stone were placed at short intervals across the river, providing the bridge piers, and then a path from bank to bank was made by laying flat stone slabs across adjacent piers.横跨河流以很小的间距布置石堆作为桥墩，然后用平石板横过相邻的桥墩就建成连接两岸的通道。

2. In an ordinary cantilever bridge, the gap between the ends of the cantilevers is closed, providing a continuous deck for the roadway, but if the bridge were cut in two at the point of closure each cantilever would support itself. 在普通的悬臂式桥梁中，悬臂梁端部之间的间隙是闭合的，为道路提供了连续的桥面，但是假如把这种桥梁在其闭合点断开，那么每一根悬臂梁都不需另外设置支撑而可保持稳定3. The simplest example of the suspension bridge is the circus aerialist’s tightrope, and primitive suspension bridges were often no more than several such tightropes tied together to provide both hand and foot holds. 悬索桥最简单的例子是杂技场高空杂技演员走钢丝用的钢丝，原始的悬索桥常常是把很少的几根这样的钢丝系在一起来提供扶手和立足点的。

4. Because tensile strength is not necessarily required for arch construction, arch bridges can be made of bricks or stone blocks that are held together by the compressive force characteristic of the arch. 因为拱结构不必要求材料具有抗拉强度，所以拱桥可以用砖或石块建造，砖或石块通过拱传递压力的特性结合在一起Lesson11abutting 邻接的，邻近的。