高虚拟语气.doc

高考考点知识清单 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种主观愿望或假设的情况主要用于条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和其他一些句子结构中 If I had more time ,I would help you with your English.(表示与现在事实相反的假设) 如果我有更多的时间，我就会帮你学英语了 I wish I were as young as you.(表示一种愿望) 我要是像你一样年轻就好了 It is strange that he (should) adopt this teaching method.(用于宾语从句) 他坚持认为我们应该才用这个教学方法He insisted that he (should) speak more English in class.(用于表语从句)他的建议是我们应该在课上多说英语 The young man followed his doctor’s advice that he (should) give up drinking.(用于同位语从句) 年轻人接受了医生让他戒酒的建议。

一、条件句可分为1、真实条件句：表示现实情况中可能实现的情况真实条件句中的谓语动词一般用一般现在时代表一般将来时，用一般过去时代表过去将来时不用虚拟语气）If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.【详解】条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件，通常有if引导，作“如果----，那么---”讲 详解例句时态1、 如果主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时2、 如果主句是祈使句，从句也常用一般现在时3、 如果主句含有情态动词，从句一般也用一般现在时I will visit my grandmother if I am free.Let’s go shopping if you are not busy.You must be very careful if you go swimming in the river.语序If引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句的前面，常用逗号隔开；也可放在主句的后面If you don’t hurry, you will be late.= You will be late if you don’t hurry.转换1、“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意义上相当于一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。

2、“if+否定句”相当于“unless+肯定句”Hurry up, or you will be late.= If you don’t hurry, you will be late.Don’t come in if I don’t call you.=Don’t come in unless I call you.注意：当连词if作“是否”讲，if引导的从句的时态要根据具体的情况而定宾语从句）2、非真实条件句：也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设情况主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，谓语动词有以下三种具体情况，如下表：从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你，我就抓住这次出国的机会与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。

与将来事实相反的假设1、 if+主语+动词的过去式2、 if+主语+were to+动词原形3、 if+主语+should+动词原形主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.如果明天他不来的话，我们就会把会议推迟到下周一使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点：1、 当条件状语从句从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出调整If you had just followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了 If you had studied hard before ,you would be a college student now. 如果你以前努力学习的话，你现在就是大学生了2、 if省略句在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句式。

If I were at school again ,I would study harder.---were I at school again ,I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会努力地学习If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.---had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.如果你来的早些，你就能赶上那辆公共汽车了If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.---should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了注意：若省略句的条件状语从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式如 Were it not for the expense ,I would go abroad now. 但不能说weren’t it for the expense ,I would go abroad now.3、 含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他的手段来代替条件句。

Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.=But your help------=If it had not been for your help-----=Had it not been for your help---如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作I will ill that day .otherwise, I would taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)我那天病了否则，我就参加运动会了He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)他打通知了我你的生日，否则，我对此一点也不知道I would write to her, but I don’t know her address.(连词)我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址A few hours earlier(=if you had come a few hours earlier),you would have been able to meet the famous writer.要是你早来几个小时，你就能见到那位著名的作家了。

4、 even if, even though也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1、用于宾语从句（1）wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望其谓语动词构成形式为： --一般过去时（宾语从句动作与wish同时） --had+过去分词（宾语从句动作先于wish） --would/could/might+动词原形（宾语从句动作后于wish）How I wish it weren’t raining now. 我多希望现在没下雨啊 I wish （that）I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空中自由的飞翔 I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天见到那个影星了。