
城市复杂交通网络系统脆性管理研究--以青岛为例.pdf
64页I城市复杂交通网络系统脆性管理研究——以青岛为例 摘 要 复杂系统是由许多子系统组成,这些子系统相互作用,如果我们当把子系统比作节点,把子系统之间的相互作用关系比作连接节点的边,那么我们就可以把复杂系统抽象为复杂网络复杂网络是复杂系统的高度抽象,在现实世界中存在大量的复杂网络,如社会网络(朋友关系网、科研合作网络等) 、交通网络(城市公交网络、航空网络等) 、技术网络(Internet、万维网等) 、生物网(神经网络、食物链网络以及新陈代谢网络) 、经济网络等 作为典型的复杂网络, 城市交通网络系统的拓扑结构对网络的连通可靠性具有重要的影响在现实生活中,城市交通网络系统不仅受到例如大风雨雪等自然灾害的破坏,同时也可能受到人为的恶意攻击以及交通堵塞的影响,这些都会引起交通网络局部失效,而交通网络局部失效会增加其它部分的负担,使整个交通网络受到很大的损害城市公交网络是城市交通网络的重要组成部分,它的点度分布服从幂律分布,具有小世界网络性质,同时也属于 BA 无标度网络由于无标度网络中度分布的不均匀性, 城市公交网络表现出对随机攻击的鲁棒性和对蓄意攻击的脆弱性 本文主要是针对城市公交网络系统的脆性进行研究, 首先对城市公交网络系统进行脆性分析,作为典型的 BA 无标度网络,城市公交网络表现出对蓄意攻击的脆弱性。
然后确定了进行脆性分析的两个评价指标,即最大连通子图的相对大小和网络的效率 通过这两个指标能直观地反映出在受攻击和破坏前后网络的联通可靠性变化情况 本文随后对复杂城市公交网络模型进行实证分析以青岛市公交网络为例,建立城市公交网络系统模型,分析了青岛公交网络的复杂特性,运用 ArcEngine平台的强大空间分析能力, 仿真模拟分析青岛公交网络系统在蓄意攻击模式下连通可靠性的变化情况, 最后通过对比分析网络全局效率和最大连通子图的相对大小的变化情况,找到影响整个公交网络的关键节点 最后通过对这些公交站点有针对性的进行优化和保护, 保障城市公交网络系统的健康有序进行 关键词:复杂网络;公交网络;脆性;蓄意攻击;Hub 节点Research on Brittleness Management of Complex Urban Traffic Network System – Taking an Example of Qingdao Abstract Many complex systems are interacting subsystems, when the subsystem is abstracted into a node, the interaction between the subsystems is abstracted into a node edge, then the complex system can be abstracted into a complex network. Complex networks is a complex system of highly abstract, there are a lot of complex networks in the real world, such as social networks (friendship networks, scientific collaboration networks, etc.), traffic networks (urban public transport networks, air networks, etc.), technology networks (Internet, World Wide Web, etc.), biological networks (neural networks, the food chain networks and metabolic networks), economic networks. As a typical complex network,urban traffic network system has an important impact on the reliability of the connectivity of urban transport. In real life,Urban traffic network system is not only attacked by rain, snow and other natural disasters such as wind damage, but also may be subject to malicious attacks and human impact of traffic congestion. And local transport network which will lead to failure will increase the burden on other parts. The entire transport network will be greatly damaged in this manner, and the failure will transfer to the entire network, leading to more damage, resulting in network capacity and efficiency of transport was significantly reduced. Urban public transport network is an inportant part of urban traffic network, its degree distribution are subject to power-law distribution, with the nature of small-world network, but also belong to BA scale-free network, scale-free networks. Because of the uneven distribution of degree in the BA scale-free network, the urban transit network demonstrate a robustness against random failures and a vulnerability of deliberate attacks. The thesis mainly research on brittleness of complex urban public transport IIInetwork system.Firstly,we analysis the brittleness of complex urban public transport network system. As a typical BA scale-free network, the urban transit network demonstrate a vulnerability of deliberate attacks.Then indentified two evaluation which are The largest relative size of the connected subgraph and the network efficiency on the research. It can directly reflect the attack and destruction in the Unicom network reliability before and after the change through the change of the largest relative size of the connected subgraph and the network efficiency. The thesis then analysis the complex urban public transport network model.Take Qingdao City transit network for example.Through the creation of complex network model of urban public transport, we analysis of the complex characteristics of transit network in Qingdao and use of the powerful spatial analysis ArcEngine platform capability in the thesis, analysising of the the reliability of the changes of the transit network connectivity in the deliberate attack mode. At last find the key nodes of the entire transit network by comparing the overall efficiency of the network and the largest connected subgraph of the relative size of the changes. At last through the optimization and protection of these bus stops, make sure the urban public transport network healthy and orderly. Keywords: Complex network; Transit network; Vulnerability;; Deliberate attack;;Hub node 城市复杂交通网络系统脆性管理研究—以青岛为例 10 前言 在复杂网络中存在一类 Hub 节点,这些节点数量极少但是却控制着网络的大部分连接,例如在 www 网、Internet、科学引文网、新陈代谢网络等这些网络中,占整个网络的 80%的节点只拥有整个网络 30%的连接,这些节点的度很小,它们在遭受攻击时将不会对整个网络产生太严重的影响;在这些网络中,还存在少量度相对较高的节点,这些节点只占整个网络 10%的节点却控制了 60%的连接,有的只占 5%的节点却控制了 50%的连接,对于这些少量存在的节点,我们成为 Hub 节点,这些节点如果发生故障或者遭受攻击,就会对整个网络产生较大的影响甚至引起系统的崩溃。
如何确定系统中的这类关键节点,一直是人们有待解决的理论问题,因为这种节点不一定是占有连接数目最大的节点,必须通过实证分析去确认这些节点 [2][13][14][17] 城市交通网络系统对一个城市甚至对于一个国家的社会发展起重要作用, 它是运输人力和物力的最重要手段 城市交通网络系统不仅受到例如大风雨雪等自然灾害的破坏,同时也可能受到人为的恶意攻击以及交通堵塞的影响,这些都会引起交通网络局部失效,而交通网络局部失效会增加其它部分的负担,使整个交通网络受到很大的损害要缓解城市交通路网受到自然灾害和交通堵塞的影响,必须深刻认识交通路网拓扑性质的变化规律, 深化城市路网鲁棒性和可靠性的研究,在此基础上对城市路网进行控制与管理 作为城市交通网络的重要组成部分,城市公交网络和其他网络一样,具有典型的复杂网络的特征,是一个 BA 无标度网络,在面对攻击中表现出对随机故障的鲁棒性和对。
