
(完整版)形容词副词的考点分析及专项练习(含答案).docx
8页中考形容词和副词的考点分析形容词或副词都具有修饰功能形容词主要修饰名词、代词;副词主要修饰动词,还可修饰形容词、其它副词或句子中考要求:形容词或副词在中考时,一般考查基本用法(包含用法和单词词义辨析)、原级/比较级/最高级的用法;形容词和副词的词性转换等形容词的知识点:1. 基本用法:形容词一般用来修饰名词,且多在修饰的名词之前在句子中可作定语、宾语补足语和表语等特殊:系动词(常用:be、keep/stay保持、become/get/turn变成、feel/taste/smell/sound/look五感官、seem似乎)后面跟形容词,构成系表结构)I would like to buy a new hat for my mom. 我想给我妈妈买顶新帽子new作名词hat的定语)That lovely girl makes me happy. 那个可爱的女孩让我很开心 (lovely作定语,happy作宾语补足语)My mother was very sad because she lost her keys. 我妈妈很伤心,因为她丢了钥匙sad作表语)副词一般用来修饰实义动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
He can read very loudly. 他能读得很大声副词loudly修饰动词read,作状语)Look, that boy is running quite fast. 看,那个男孩跑得很快副词quite修饰副词fast,作状语)The little girl is so lovely. 那个小女孩如此可爱副词so修饰形容词lovely,作状语)She will be away for a long time. 她要离开很长一段时间副词away作表语)The little boy there is my brother. 那里的那个小男孩是我的弟弟there作定语)特殊情况:A. 形容词修饰不定代词(如something、anything等)时,需要后置:something delicious 美味的东西B. Enough(足够的)即可作形容词修饰名词,修饰名词时在名词前面;也可作副词修饰形容词或副词,修饰形容词或副词时需后置Do we have enough time to finish this task? 我们有足够的时间完成这项任务吗?The boy is old enough to go to school. 这男孩够上学的年龄了。
C. 频度副词一般位于实义动词之前,be动词、助动词和情态动词之后He seldom goes to the cinema. 他很少去电影院She must always help her brother. 她必须总是帮助她的弟弟2. 特殊形容词一般以a-作前缀的形容词多数作表语形容词:alike 相同的、alive 活着的、asleep 睡着的、afraid 害怕的The fish is still alive after a long time without water. 这鱼在很长一段时间没有水之后仍然活着3. 由动词的分词转换成的形容词辨析interesting 令人感兴趣的interested 感兴趣的amusing 引人发笑的 amused 觉得好笑的exciting 令人兴奋的excited 感到兴奋的boring 令人厌烦的bored 感到无趣的tiring令人疲倦的tired 感到疲倦的encouraging 令人鼓舞的encouraged 受到鼓舞的surprising 令人惊奇的surprised 感到好奇的moving 令人感到的moved 感动的frightening 令人害怕的frightened 害怕的puzzling 令人困惑的puzzled 感到困惑的satisfying 令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的amazing 令人惊讶的amazed 感到惊讶的embarrassing 令人尴尬的embarrassed 尴尬的pleasing 令人高兴的pleased 感到满意的通常以-ing结尾的形容词用来表示物或是表情,以-ed结尾的通常指人。
He was very excited when he heard the exciting news. 当他听到这个令人激动的消息时,他非常兴奋His frightening look makes me frightened. 他那吓人的样子让我害怕4. 形容词变为副词通常形容词变为副词时,遵循以下规则:1) 一般直接在形容词词尾加-lycareful—carefully beautiful—beautifullyquiet—quietly recent—recentlyconfident—confidently careless—carelessly 2) 以-le结尾的形容词去词尾的-e,再加-y terrible—terribly possible—possibly comfortable—comfortably gentle—gently simple—simply probable—probably 3) 少数以元音字母+e结尾的形容词,去-e加-ly true—truly due—duly 4) 辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,将-y改为-i,再加-ly easy—easily happy—happily5) 以-ll结尾的形容词,只加-y full—fully dull—dully6) 以-ic结尾的形容词,在词尾加-ally basic—basically scientific—scientifically 不规则变化:1)本身即是形容词也是副词 fast—fast high—high early—early hard—hard late—late far-far(注意:lately 最近的;highly 高度地;hardly 几乎不) 2)虽然以-ly结尾,但却是形容词。
friendly 友好的;lively 活泼的;lovely 可爱的;likely 可能发生的lonely 孤独的;ugly 丑陋的5. 形容词副词的原级/比较级/最高级原级比较:as + adj./adv.原级 + as… 像……一样……This book is as interesting as that one. 这本书和那本书一样有趣Jim jumps as high as Tom. Jim和Tom跳得一样高注意:as…as…之间是用形容词还是副词,取决于前面的谓语动词否定形式:not as/so + adj./adv. + as… This book isn’t so/as interesting as that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣同义句:As + adj./adv. + as…可与the same+n.进行同义句转换 This rive is as wide as that one. = The two rivers are of the same width. 这条河和那条河一样宽比较级/最高级:表示两者的比较时用比较级,通常用“形容词/副词比较级+than”的结构。
The weather is much hotter in Beijing than that in Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海的天气热得多My brother runs faster than I. 我哥哥比我跑得快Tom is the tallest boy in our class. Tom是我们班最高的男孩形容词副词变比较级/最高级的规则:(注意:有些副词是没有比较级或最高级形式,如时间副词(ago、already等)、地点副词(above、around等)、程度副词(very、quite等)等等)1) 单音节的词直接在词尾加-er/-est,如:tall—taller—tallest;hard—harder—hardest2) 以字母-e结尾的单音节词在其后面直接加-r/-st,如:brave—braver—bravest;wide—wider—widest3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母再加-er/-est,如:big—bigger—biggest;hot—hotter—hottest4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先把-y改为-i,再加-er/-est,如:happy—happier—happiest;heavy—heavier—heaviest;early—earlier—earliest5) 其它双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more和most,如:Beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful;slowly—more slowly—most slowly不规则变化:good/well—better—best bad/ill/badly—worse—worst many/much—more—mostlittle—less—least far—farther—farthest 考点句型:the+adj.表示一类人1) 两者比较,表示倍数时,用twice/…times as+原级+as结构。
He is three times as old as my brother. 他的年龄是我哥哥的三倍 2) 可以用来修饰比较级的副词:much、far、a little、a bit、a lot、even等词修饰比较级,表示程度She is much more beautiful than her sister. 她比她姐姐漂亮多了 3) 比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越……” The balloon is getting bigger and bigger. 气球越来越大 I hope I can become more and more beautiful. 我希望我能变得越来越漂亮4) the+比较级…, the+比较级…. 表示“越……就越……The harder you work, the better result you will get. 你越努力,你的成绩就越好5) one of+最高级+名词复数He is one of the cleverest boys in our school. 他是我们学校最聪明的男孩之一 6) 比较级句型与最高级进行同义句替换:比较级+than any other +单数名词(或the other+名词复数) = the+最高级+范围Tom is taller than any other student in our class. / Tom is taller than the other students in our class. 汤姆比我们班上其他任何一个学生都高。
Tom is the tallest student in our class. 汤姆是我们班最高的学生注意:当不在同一。
