2023年英语专八最全英美文学常识.doc

英国文学(English Literature)450-1066Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period 古英语（或盎格鲁—撒克逊）时期1066-1500Middle English Period 中古英语时期1500-16601516-15781578-16251625-1660The Renaissance 文艺复兴 1) The beginning of the Renaissance 2) The flowering period 3) The epilogue of the Renaissance1660-1785The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期1785-1830The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期1832-1901The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期1901-1914The Edwardian Period 爱德华时期1910-1936The Georgian Period 乔治五世时期1914 -The Modern Period 现代时期1945 - Postmodernism 后现代主义一、 Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学 (8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期 (449-1066)a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早旳诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙 610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf(基涅武甫 9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period 中世纪 (1066-ca.1485 / 1500): a. Romance 中世纪传奇故事 (1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人 - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines ~ 14th C, Age of Chaucer: * Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟 1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftnessthe father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”couplet; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家The Canterbury Tales: pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作) * William Langland(朗兰 1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 一般人眼中旳社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471): Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴 (1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧 1) 诗歌 Henry Howard(霍华德 1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士 1554-1586)：代表了当时旳理想 - “the complete man” Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞 1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代 - long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian StanzaSpenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔 1478-1535): 欧洲初期空想社会主义创始人 Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员旳对话b. John Lyly (黎里 1553-160，剧作家&小说家)：Eupheus Euphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means. The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根 1561-1626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代试验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age; Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧 a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛 1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派 Edward II；The Jew of Malta《马耳他旳犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵旳五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士旳悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。

Tamburlaine the Great《帖木儿大帝》：残酷而野心勃勃旳帝王b. William Shakespeare(剧作家&诗人, 1564-1616): 154 sonnets(十四行诗) + 37 plays + long poems; 现实主义创始人16 comedies : Merchant of Venice (Shylock; Antonio; Bassanio; Portia); The Taming of the Shrew《驯悍记》 A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream; As You Like It《皆大欢喜》; The Twelfth Night; The Comedy of Errors;Much Ado About Nothing《无事生非》; The Winter’s Tale《冬天旳故事》; All is Well that Ends Well《终成眷属》 11 tragedies: Romeo and Juliet; Hamlet; Macbeth《麦克白》; The Tempest《暴风雨》 Othello: a hero Othello vs. bad man Iago; Venice and Cyprus King Lear: British King; greatest achievement; most complex in plot and most painful 10 historical plays: Henry IV; Henry V c. Ben Jonson(琼生 1562-1637 诗人&剧作家&批评家): Comedy of Humors; Volpone《狐狸》; The Alchemist《炼金术士》三、 17世纪文学 1) Literature of the Revolution Period (Age of Milton)资产阶级革命时期: poetry (Metaphysical 玄学派+ Cavalier骑士派) a. John Donne(多恩 1572-1631)：玄学派创始人; A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《临别辞：莫悲伤》文风：obscene, vulgar and serious philosophical thinking – the conflict between body and soul The Holy Sonnets; The Flea; Go and Catch a Falling Star; The Songs and Sonnets（主题-爱） b. John Milton(弥尔顿 1608-1674)：Renaissance and Reformation (宗教改革)Paradise Regained《复乐园》; Paradise Lost《失乐园》: the greatest English epic; Satan is the heroSamson Agonistes《力士参孙》：closet drama; 。