2022届高考英语人教版学案章板块阅读理解读文求快做题求准含答案.doc

第三板块题型专题技法指导专题一　阅读理解——读文求快，做题求准英语语篇有许多种类型，如应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文、访谈、对话等连续性语篇类型，以及图表、图示、网页、广告、漫画等非连续性语篇类型接触和学习不同类型的语篇，熟悉高考中常见的语篇形式，把握不同语篇的特定结构、语篇类型特征和表达方式，不仅有助于考生加深对语篇意义的理解，还有助于考生使用不同类型的语篇进行有效的表达与交流本部分将对高考常见语篇类型应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文进行讲解，旨在帮助考生快速读懂文章，稳解准解题目一、“应用文”策略指导应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作中为了处理一些事件而特有的一种务实的语篇类型风格，有其非常明确的特点，如写作目的明确、语言表达规范、时间要素明确等1．知晓应用文的种类英语应用文一般分为两类：一类是记叙性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等；另一类是说明性应用文，如广告、启事、海报、守则、公约、公告、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等2．明晰常见文章结构3．洞察高考考查特点应用文在高考英语阅读理解中通常有一篇应用文内容贴近日常生活，多采用简单句，很少使用长难句，理解起来难度不大；但是这类文章信息多，篇幅长，一些具体内容比如商品信息，招聘广告还需要读图，对阅读方法和技巧方面有较高的要求。

应用文较多涉及的是细节理解题，考查考生对文章中重要细节信息的把握能力4．领悟读文、解题策略(1)标题：首先要认真阅读主、副标题，明确文章的写作目的2)内容：应用文一般都是分类信息，把握信息的分类基本就可以明白出题的方向3)问题：做应用文的阅读理解可以带着问题阅读，寻找相关信息，并根据同类信息，排除错误选项，确定正确答案[典例]　下面以2020年全国卷Ⅰ的阅读理解A篇为例：Train InformationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.(开头第一段为背景信息)While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.(第二段是对第一段的补充说明)(后面几段是并列关系)Lost property (失物招领)Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7：30 am to 5：00 pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station.(信息1：失物招领信息)Public holidaysOn public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i．e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit .au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.(信息2：公共假日安排)Customers using mobility devicesMany stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.(信息3：轮椅通道信息)Guardian trains (outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6：42 pmAltandiVarsity Lakes7：37 pm7：29 pmCentralVarsity Lakes8：52 pm8：57 pmFortitude ValleyVarsity Lakes9：52 pm11：02 pmRoma StreetVarsity Lakes12：22 am(信息4：列车班次信息)[解题示范]21．What would you do to get ticket information?A．Call 13 16 17.　　　 　 B．Visit .au.C．Ask at the local station. D．Check the train schedule.分析：由题干中的“get ticket information”定位到第一段的基本信息部分，根据最后一句可知，想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。

故选C22．At which station can you find the lost property office?A．Altandi. B．Roma Street.C．Varsity Lakes. D．Fortitude Valley.分析：由题干中的“lost property office”定位到信息1，根据原文中“The lost property office ... is located (位于) at Roma Street station.”可知，失物招领处位于Roma Street车站23．Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?A．6：42 pm. B．7：29 pm.C．8：57 pm. D．11：02 pm.分析：由题干中的“which train”和“from Central to Varsity Lakes”定位到信息4，根据文中表格的第三行信息可知，从Central出发去Varsity Lakes需要乘坐晚上7：29的列车由以上的题目分析可知，应用文清晰的文章结构可以帮助学生较快地锁定答案所在的区域。

应用文在高考中往往是阅读理解的第一篇，主要原因是这一语篇类型结构较为清晰，解题思路较为简单，符合试题由易到难的特点二、“记叙文”策略指导　　记叙文是指一种叙述事件的经过、人物的经历及表现的文章体裁，以写人、记事、写景状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的一种文体1．知晓记叙文的种类(1)以写人为主的记叙文，即高考中常遇到的传记类的记叙文，往往以肖像、行动、语言、心理以及细节描写为主；(2)以记事为主的记叙文，注意交代六要素(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果)，注意描写的先后顺序以及叙事的相对完整性，往往会体现事件的开端、发展、高潮和结局；(3)以写景为主的记叙文往往会对景物进行层次描写，会体现人与景之间的情感交融2．明晰常见文章结构3．洞察高考考查特点高考试卷通常包含一篇记叙文从命题形式上看，有细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、推理判断题等记叙文的命题顺序一般按照文章的脉络和故事的发展层层推进，一半以上的题目考查考生对故事具体内容的理解，这要求考生必须弄清文章的来龙去脉4．领悟读文、解题策略(1)顺序答题，不漏细节：记叙文中的细节理解题一般考查其5W1H(what, who, when, where, why, how)要素。

根据问题，顺序答题，把握好所有相关细节即可正确作答2)结合语篇，认真思考：记叙文中有时会有词义猜测题，这些词或短语一般是大纲范围之外的，一般是考查考生对通篇文章或者对文章语段的整体理解能力3)解读文章的言外之意：记叙文中的主旨大意、意图观点题要求对作者叙述的意图和观点作进一步剖析，甚至推测作者的语气和态度等一般说来，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句，且多位于段首或段末，有时也会夹在中间对无主题句的篇章，要对文章进行分析和归纳，然后概括中心思想[典例]　下面以2020年全国卷Ⅱ的阅读理解D篇为例：I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.　　开头通过讲述作者从小热爱读书，与图书馆结下了不解之缘，引出下文，这也是记叙文常用的开头方式My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.(第二段叙述了作者16岁时第一次去图书馆工作)As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.　　第三段叙述了作者长大为人母后又把这种对读书的爱传给自己的孩子I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it 。