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右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛在足月妊娠产妇分娩中的临床研究.docx

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    •     右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛在足月妊娠产妇分娩中的临床研究    蓝丽霞 平永美 李中华[Summary] 目的 研究右美托咪定聯合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛在足月妊娠产妇分娩中的临床应用效果 方法 选取2015年5月~2016年5月入住我院分娩的足月妊娠产妇,共200例,按照自愿、随机原则分为试验组100例和对照组100例,试验组产妇在分娩过程中硬膜外镇痛使用5 mL右美托咪定(0.5 μg/kg)和10 mL 0.1%罗哌卡因,对照组产妇在分娩过程中硬膜外镇痛使用5 mL芬太尼(1 g/kg)和10 mL 0.1%罗哌卡因测量和记录两组产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛前(T0)、分娩镇痛后30 min(T1)、胎儿娩出时(T2)和胎儿娩出后10 min(T3)时刻的血压、心率和疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分,分娩镇痛前(T0)、分娩镇痛后30 min(T1)时刻的Ramsay镇静评分和胎心率并进行统计分析结果 两组产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛前(T0)、分娩镇痛后30 min(T1)、胎儿娩出时(T2)和胎儿娩出后10 min(T3)时刻的血压、心率和分娩前的胎心率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛前(T0)的疼痛视觉模拟评分、Ramsay镇静评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),分娩镇痛后30 min(T1)时刻试验组VAS评分低于对照组,Ramsay镇静评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。

      结论 右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛应用在足月妊娠产妇分娩中比芬太尼联合罗哌卡因具有更优的临床效果[Key] 右美托咪定;罗哌卡因;硬膜外自控镇痛;足月妊娠[] R614;R714.3 [] B [] 1673-9701(2017)26-0112-04Clinical study of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine for patient-controlled epidural analgesia in the delivery of full-term puerperaLAN Lixia1 PING Yongmei1 LI Zhonghua21.Department of Anesthesiology, Lishui Women and Children's Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China; 2.Department of Anesthesiology, Lishui People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China[Abstract] Objective To study the clinical application effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine for patient-controlled epidural analgesia in the delivery of full-term puerpera. Methods A total of 200 full-term puerpera who were admitted to our hospital from May 2015 to May 2016 were selected. According to the voluntary and random principle, the patients were divided into the experimental group of 100 cases and the control group of 100 cases. The puerpera in the experimental group were given epidural analgesia in the course of delivery using 5 ml dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) and 10 ml 0.1% ropivacaine. The puerpera in the control group was given epidural analgesia during the course of delivery using 5 ml fentanyl (1 g/kg) and 10 ml 0.1% ropivacaine. The blood pressure, heart rate and VAS scores were measured and recorded in the two groups of puerpera before epidural analgesia (T0), 30 min (T1) after analgesia, at the time of delivery (T2) and 10 min (T3) after delivery. Ramsay sedation score and fetal heart rate were also measured and recorded before analgesia (T0) and 30 min (T1) after analgesia. The above indices were also statistically analyzed. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the blood pressure, heart rate and fetal heart rate before delivery before epidural analgesia (T0), 30 min (T1) after analgesia, at the time of delivery (T2) and 10 min (T3) after delivery (P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in VAS score and Ramsay sedation score before analgesia (T0) and 30 min (T1) after analgesia (P>0.05). The VAS score in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group 30 min after analgesia (T1), and the Ramsay sedation score was higher than that in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at the first and second stages of labor (P>0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine for patient-controlled epidural analgesia has a better clinical effect than fentanyl combined with ropivacaine in the delivery of full-term puerpera. [Key words] Dexmedetomidine; Ropivacaine; Patient-controlled epidural analgesia; Full-term pregnancy产妇在分娩过程中伴随剧烈的疼痛感,长时间剧烈的疼痛会引起产妇心理状态的改变,可能会对产妇顺利分娩产生不利影响[1-2]。

      分娩镇痛技术的出现在保证胎儿安全的前提下大大提高了产妇在分娩过程中的舒适度,目前,临床应用最常见和最成熟的分娩镇痛技术是硬膜外分娩镇痛,该技术易于操作、起效快、安全性高,对母婴安全影响小,是一种安全可靠的分娩镇痛技术[3-4]罗哌卡因作为一种硬膜外麻醉药物,在分娩镇痛中的应用已十分常见右美托咪定是一种具有高度选择性的α2受体激动剂,与局部麻醉药配合使用具有协同作用,可以降低局部麻醉药的使用量,延长镇痛时间,同时,右美托咪定还能够加强产妇子宫肌层收缩的强度和频率,加快分娩过程[5-6]但目前临床上右美托咪定的使用方式主要是通过静脉注射,硬膜外用药对产妇在分娩过程中的影响鲜有报道,本研究对右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛在足月妊娠产妇分娩中的临床效果进行了研究,为右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛在足月妊娠产妇分娩中的临床应用提供参考依据现报道如下1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料选取2015年5月~2016年5月入住我院分娩的足月妊娠产妇200例,按照自愿、随机原则分为试验组100例和对照组100例试验组产妇年龄21~33岁,平均(25.5±4.1)岁,孕周37~41周,平均(37.5±1.2)周;对照组产妇年龄22~34岁,平均(25.3±3.8)岁,孕周37~42周,平均(37.2±1.3)周。

      两组产妇在年龄和孕周等基本资料无显著差异(P>0.05),具有可比性本研究为前瞻性研究,所纳入研究对象均签署知情同意书,并经本院伦理委员会审批通过1.2 纳入和排除标准纳入标准:①产妇初产,单胎头位,妊娠足月(≥37周);②年龄20~40岁;③患者知情且同意参与此研究排除标准:①产妇妊娠不足月(<37周);②低龄或超龄产妇;③其他不适合参与此临床试验的产妇1.3治疗方法参照王文元[7]既往研究,对试验组产妇进行心电、血压及胎心监护,产妇右侧卧位,在L2~L3间隙穿刺并置入硬膜外导管,留置4 cm,产妇宫口张开2~3 cm时注入5 mL右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg(规格:100 mg/支,四川国瑞药业有限责任公司,国药准字 H20110097)和10 mL 0.1%罗哌卡因(规格:75 mg/瓶,辰欣药业股份有限公司,国药准字H20061065),镇痛液由50 mg罗哌卡因生理盐水50 mL,泵速5 mL/h、5 mL/次,每次注射間隔15 min对照组参照试验组基本处理方法,待产妇宫口张开2~3 cm时注入5 mL芬太尼1 g/kg(规格:50 mg/瓶,国药集团工业有限公司廊坊分公司,国药准字H20123298)和10 mL 0.1%罗哌卡因,其余均相同。

      1.4 观察指标测量两组产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛前(T0)、分娩镇痛后30 min(T1)、胎儿娩出时(T2)和胎儿娩出后10 min(T3)时刻的血压(收缩压SBP和舒张压DBP)和心率,测定分娩前的胎心率,记录两组产妇的第一产程时间和第二产程时间记录两组产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛前(T0)、分娩镇痛后30 min(T1)、胎儿娩出时(T2)和胎儿娩出后10 min(T3)时刻的疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分[8]记录两组产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛前(T0)、分娩镇痛后30 min(T1)的Ramsay镇静评分[9-10]VAS评分范围为0~10分,0分为无痛,1~2分为良好,3~4分为一般,5分以上为差;Ramsay镇静评分标准见表1表1 Ramsay镇静评分标准1.5 统计学方法SPSS19.0统。

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