高一英语Unit 2Friendship(II) 教案.doc

一. 教学内容：Unit 2 Friendship（II）二. 语法讲解I. 定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句（Attributive Clauses）被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引出关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which关系副词有：when, where, why （1）关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致①who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人whom/that在从句中作宾语）②whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。

例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙 Please pass me the book whose (of which) the cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书③which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了which / that在句中作宾语) （2）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语①when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。

例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？注意：先行词表示地点或时间时，有时用where或when，有时用that(which)引导定语从句，这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的如果是及物的就用that(which)，否则用where或when例如：This is the house where he lived last year.这是他去年住过的房子This is the house that (which) he visited last year.这是去年他参观过的房子I thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing.我想起了我在北京呆过的快乐日子I have never forgotten the day which we spent together.我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。

②that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年去世了He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talked to his mother.我不喜欢他同他母亲说话的方式3）限制性和非限制性定语从句①定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。

限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的非限制性）②当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍③非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句4）介词+关系词 ①介词后面的关系词不能省略②that前不能有介词③某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?你是否记得我们加入俱乐部的那一天？（5）as引导的限定性定语从句：①as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语、表语或状语，构成the same…as, such…as等结构例如：I like the same book as you do. (as作宾语)我和你一样，喜欢同一本书I shall do it in the same way as you did.（as作状语）我会用和你同样的方式去做的。

I want to have such a dictionary as he has. (as作宾语)我想和他一样有一本这样的字典②as引导非限定性定语从句as在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前例如：As we all know, he studies very hard.（as代表整个句子，作宾语）他学习非常用功，正如我们大家都知道的As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.（as代表整个句子，作主语）众所周知，他是我们班最好的学生常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等6）as, which 非限定性定语从句由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and thatas一般放在句首，which在句中。

例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.正如我们所知，吸烟有害健康The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太阳加热地球，这对我们非常重要典型例题： a) Alice received an invitation from her boss, ______ came as a surprise. A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he 解析：答案C此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which，it和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接况且选he句意不通 b) The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it解析：答案Bwhich可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可that 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

c) It rained hard yesterday, ______ prevented me from going to the park.A. that 　B. which　　C. as　 D. it解析：答案Bas 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语但不同之处主要有两点： ⅰ. as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可ⅱ. as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B7）必须用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况：①先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等例如：All that we have to do is to p。