新目标人教版八年级英语语法知识讲解比较级最高级.doc

1重难点知识讲解： 形容词的比较级和最高级一、比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用 much, even, a little 修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级二、比较级和最高级的构成：（1）规则变化：①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er/-est例如: calm---calmer---calmest tall---taller---tallest smart---smarter---smartest②以字母 e 结尾的直接在词尾加-r/-st例如: nice---nicer---nicest fine---finer---finest large---larger---largest③以辅音+y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i，再加-er/-est例如: early---earlier---earliest happy---happier---happiest busy---busier---busiest④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er/-est例如: big---bigger---biggest thin---thinner---thinnest hot---hotter---hottest2⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more/most例如: popular---more popular---most popular important---more important---most important（2）不规则变化：少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：good---better---best bad/ill---worse---worst many/much---more---most little---less---least far---farther/further---farthest/furthest old---older/elder---oldest/eldest（注意）形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示"较不"和"最不" ，如important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要三、比较级的用法:(一) 当两个人或事物（A 和 B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级1． 表达“A 和 B 一样”，用 as…as 的结构。

公式: A+be 动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BA+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+B例如 I am as tall as you.我和你一样高He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快2．表达“A 不如 B”用 not as…as 的结构3公式: A+be 动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+BA+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B例如 I am not as tall as you.我没有你高He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快2． 表达“A 大于 B”用“比较级+than”的结构公式: A+be 动词+形容词比较级 +than+B…A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…例如 I am taller than you.我比你高He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快二) 关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更…”， “…得…”常见词有 much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal 等。

例如 He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”， “小多少”， “长多少”， “短多少”等例如 I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁4This building is 20 meters higher than that one.3． “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……” It is getting warmer and warmer．天气越来越暖和He is running faster and faster．他跑得越来越快0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful．我们祖国越来越美了4． “the more…， the more…”表示“越……，就越……”，The more，the better.多多益善The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。

5． “the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较的一个”The taller of the two boys is my brother.四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级1．表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句5公式： 主语+be 动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+（the ） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句例如 He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys.This is the best book that I have ever read.2．表示“最…的…中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达例如 He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之一。

注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词 the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词 the 可以省略但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词 the.（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有 in, of, among五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题： (一) 、按语法规则，than 后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格 例如 He is more careful than I (me).(二) 、只有同类的事物才能比较 6例如 Her bag is bigger than mine. 不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.不能说 The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.【语法专项练习题】一. 单项选择：1、That boy looks as as a boxer.A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong2、Then Summer Palace is than Zhong Shan park.A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger3、Which do you like , apples or oranges?A. good B. better C. best D. well4、--Oh, the food is bad. --I think so .And the service(服务) is __________. A．the worst B. worse C. badder 7D. the worse5、--You are the same coat as I.--Yes, Mine is , but not so as yours.A. better, expensive B. better, more expensive C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive6、The experts think that India’s population may be than China’s 2020.A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on7、This year our school is than it was last year.A. much beautiful B. the most beautiful C. beautifuler D. much more beautiful8、 you work, knowledge you will get.A. The harder, more B. The harder, the more C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more9、He has friends than I.A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more10、She draws better than .A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we811、Shanghai is larger than city in China.A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else12、I’m not sure whether Mary can sing Ann.A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. so good as13、I have fewer apples than .A. he B. his C. hers D. mine14、The news is surprising.A. much B. very C. more D. very much15、The population of China is larger than .A. America B. the one of Americas C. that of America D. Americans16、Which is ____________clothing store in your town?A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best17、My sister is。