2024年英语中考语法专题探究之主谓一致课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,中考语法专题探究,主谓一致,01,语法,一致的原则,02,意义一致的原则,03,就近一致的原则,04,考点分层专练,主谓一致是课标新增加的内容，为仅作理解要求的语法项目英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则1.,语法一致的原则,(1),单数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；复数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数如,：,The boy,goes,to school early every morning.,The children,are,playing outside,.,(,2),由,and,或,both and,连接两个主语，表示两个不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数；但如果,and,连接的两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数如：,Both he and I,are,right.,The poet and writer(,诗人兼作家,),has,come.,(3),由,and,连接的并列单数主语，如果分别由,each,或,every,修饰，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：,In our country,every boy and every girl,has,the right to receive education.,Each man and each woman,is,asked to help,.,(,4),主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有,with,together with,as well as,along with,like,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,等介词,(,短语,),谓语动词仍用单数如：,The teacher with his students,is,going to visit the museum.,Nobody but two boys,was,late for class,.,(,5),一些只有复数形式的名词，如,people,police,cattle,clothes,等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数如,：,A lot of people,are,dancing outside.,The police,are,looking for the lost boy.,(6),由两部分构成的物体的名词，如,glasses,shoes,trousers,scissors,等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

但是如果这类名词前用了,a pair of,等，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于,pair,的单复数如,：,Here,are,some new,pairs,of shoes.,My new,pair,of socks,is,on the bed,.,(,7),动词不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式如：,To say something,is,usually easier than to do something.,2.,意义一致的原则,(1),表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数如：,Twenty years,is,not a long time.,Ten dollars,is,too much,.,(,2),有些集合名词，如,family,team,class,group,等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中每个成员，谓语动词用复数如：,My family,is,a big one.,我的家庭很大指整体,),My family,are,watching TV.,我的家人正在看电视,指每个成员,),(3),不定代词,all,most,more,some,any,the rest(,剩余的,),作主语时，要根据这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数如：,All of the work,has,been finished.,All of the people,have,gone.,I have read a large part of the book.The rest,is,more difficult.,Only ten students attended the class because all the rest,were,sick.,(4)“,分数或百分数,of,名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要根据,of,后面的名词而定名词是复数，谓语动词用复数；名词是单数，谓语动词,用单数,如：,It is said that 35 percent of the doctors,are,women.,Three fourths of the surface of the Earth,is,water.,(5)none of,作主语时，如果后接复数名词，谓语动词可用复数或单数；如果后接不可数名词，谓语动词用单数如：,None of the advice,was,accepted.,None of the children,are/is,interested in art,.,(,6)“the,形容词”表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

如：,The sick(,病人,),have,been cured and the lost(,失踪的人,),have,been found,.,(,7),在“,one of,复数名词,who/that/which”,引导的从句结构中，关系代词,who/that/which,的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是,one,，因此，从句中的谓语动词应该用复数形式如：,This is,one,of the most interesting stories that,have,been told.,注意：,当,one,之前有,the only,等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是,one,，而不是靠近它的复数名词，此时，从句的谓语动词应该用单数形式如：,She is the only one of the girls who is late.,3.,就近一致的原则,(1),由连词,either or,，,neither nor,，,not only but(also),等连接的并列主语，其后接的谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，即与最靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致如：,Either you or I,am,right.,(2),在“,There be”,句型中，谓语动词和最靠近它的主语保持一致。

如：,There,is,one egg and two apples in it.,There,are,two apples and one egg in it.,(1),不定代词,one,no one,the other,another,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody,nobody,anything,something,everything,nothing,each,either,等以及被,each,every,等修饰的名词作主语时，尽管有些表达复数意义，但是，它们的谓语动词应该用单数形式如,：,Is,everybody here today,？,Neither book,is,good,.,(,2)“a number of,复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“,the number of,复数名词”意为“,的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数如：,The number of people invited,was,fifty,but a number of them,were,absent for different reasons.,被邀请的人是,50,个，但其中许多人由于不同的原因缺席了。

考点分层专练,先练基础,单句训练,（）,1.Using public chopsticks _ necessary when,eating,with others.,A.is,B.are C.was D.were,A,（）,2.Neither Saturday nor Sunday _ OK because I will be busy these two days.,A.are,B.is,C.am,D.be,B,3.Not only my father but also my grandpa _(be)looking forward to flying to Singapore this weekend.,4.The number of the chickens on the farm _(be)about 130.,is,is,再提能力,小语篇,训练,(,用所给动词的适当形式填空,),The,police find most criminals because somebody 5._(tell)them who the criminals are.They find other criminals by using science and their computers.When there 6._(be)a bank robbery(,抢劫,),the police first 7._(look)through their computers for the names of bank robbers they know about.Then they go and talk to these robbers who 8._(be)not in jail(,在狱中,).They ask them where they were at the time of the robbery.If any of these people cannot give a good answer,the police will often use science to find out if one of them 9._(be)the robber.,tells,is,look,are,is,。