厦门中考英语---宾语从句.doc

宾语从句宾语从句在教材中的地位和作用 (1)宾语从句是中学英语复合句学习的起点,掌握好宾语从句的概念和应用为以后学习状语从句和定语从句以至于高中的名词性从句打好基础. (2)宾语从句在教材中复现率较高.在七年级下册已经零星出现,但是并不作为语法点来讲解.在八年级下册4单元,以直接引语转化成间接引语的角度来讲解宾语从句.九年级11单元,在学生已经掌握了状语从句,定语从句的背景下,重新审视宾语从句,并且让学生能把握宾语从句其他从句的不同之处,可以说是对宾语从句的一次综合讲解.在中学教材当中,宾语从句是由点及线再到面,逐步深化.宾语从句在中考中的地位和作用 福建省历年中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查. 真题再现(2008.27.)—Could you tell me ________ it is from here to the science museum? (连接词) 1分 —It's about half an hour's walk.A. how far B. how long C. how soon(2008.37.)—Could you tell me _________? — He is an actor. (语序) 1分A. who he is B. what is he C. what he does(2008.93.)你不知道去银行的路怎么走,你可以这样询问路人:(语序) 2分 Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the bank /how I can get to the bank?"(2009.37.) — We’re going on a school trip next week. Do you know ______ get there? — By bus.(连接词,语序) 1分A. if we will B. how we will C. why we will(2010.38.)—Could you tell me ______? I must find her. (时态,语序) 1分—Sorry, I don’t know. But she was here just now.A. where Kitty was B. where Kitty is C. where is Kitty(2011.36.)—Look at the strong young man over there, do you know ______?— He is our new P.E. teacher.(连接词,语序) 1分A. who is he B. what is he C. who he is(2012.22.) —I saw David in the teacher's office this morning. Do you know ____ he was there? —He slept in geography class. (连接词) 1分A. why B. how C. when另外,还在完型填空、阅读、写作等题型中都会涉及到对宾语从句的考察,总体来看,宾语从句的相关知识点在福建省中考试卷中约占5分左右.一、宾语从句的概念 用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句.宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语(介宾,动宾).She asked if the answer was right. (句子在动词后作宾语)I don’t worried about whether he will come tomorrow.(句子在介词后作宾语)X代入法:句子为 主+谓+ X X为宾语,可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式、句子当X为句子时,注意宾语从句三要素:连接词、语序、时态二、宾语从句三要素:连接词,语序,时态(一)连接词1. that 当宾语从句时由陈述句变化而来时,由that 来引导从句,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略.We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们.I told him (that) he was wrong. 我告诉他他错了. 注意: 1)当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等,而主句的主语又是第一人称时,从句的否定词常要前移.I don’t think you are right. 我认为你做的不对 2)在以下情况中that不能省略A.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省.I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better. B.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省. Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. C.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省. I can’t tell him that his mother died. D.当it作形式宾语时 She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him. 许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语.E.当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win,I believe.2. whether/if 当宾语从句是从一般疑问句转换而来时,用if或 whether来引导从句, 意为"是否",常放在动词ask, wonder, find out等疑问语气或不确定语气之后.I don’t know if/whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. He asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea. 他问我是想要乘做飞机还是轮船去. 注意:下列情况下只能用whether:①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether; 例: Let me know whether/if he will come or not.＝Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来.I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我不知道我们是去还是留.②在介词之后用whether.如:I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情.③在不定式前用whether.如:He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人.I don't know whether to go.我不知去否.④whether置于句首时,不能换用if.如:Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来.⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether.如:Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题.The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车.⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether.如:Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书.If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我.3. 连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which 连接副词when,why,where,how 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,用连接代词:who, whom ,whose ,what ,which, whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever或连接副词:when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等来引导. 特别注意:宾语从句用陈述语序,而不用疑问句语序,如:The book will show you what the best CEO should know. 最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? Tell me whose wallet this is. 告诉我这是谁的钱包. I don’t know why the train is late.我不知道火车为什么晚点. 注意:if/whenif: 如果 —— 条件状从(主将从现),虚拟语气(主:would do, 从句:一般过去时/were ) 是否 —— 宾语从句(三要素)它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查— Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?— Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you. 对不起,不知道.当他回来了,我将告诉你— I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来— He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他会来的(二)语序:陈述句语序 (1) 陈述句的定义(简单了解)陈述句(Declarative Sentence)是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法.日常生活中使用的大部分句子都是陈述句.它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种.陈述句在书写时句末有句号,而在朗读时则用降调. (2) 陈述语序的定义陈述语序就是陈述句的语言顺序, 长这样:主语+谓语+其他陈述语序: The pig is eating cakes. The pig often eats cakes.对应的是疑问语序。