机械设计机械系统连接零部件设计.ppt

第第4 4章章 机械系统连接零机械系统连接零部件的设计部件的设计螺纹连接、轴毂连接、连轴器和离合器学习目标：熟悉机器联接中常用的各种联接件的结构、类型、性能和应用场合，掌握设计理论和选用方法Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.联接联接的分类动联接：静联接：机器工作时，零部件之间可以有相对运动例如：机械原理中，各种运动副之间的联接在机器工作中，不允许零部件之间存在相对运动的联接静联接可拆联接：不须毁坏联接中的任何一个零件就可拆 开的联接例如：螺纹联接、键联接不可拆联接：至少毁坏联接中的一部分才能拆开的联接例如：铆接、焊接等过盈联接Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.第第4.1章螺纹连接章螺纹连接•4.1.1螺纹螺纹•4.1.2螺纹连接的螺纹连接的 基本类型基本类型•4.1.3螺纹连接的放松螺纹连接的放松•4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•4.1.5螺栓组设计螺栓组设计•4.1.6提高连接性能的设计提高连接性能的设计Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.1螺纹螺纹•圆柱螺旋的基本参数圆柱螺旋的基本参数d d1 d2 P S g a b•螺纹的类型螺纹的类型三角形、梯形、锯齿形、圆三角形、梯形、锯齿形、圆弧形和矩形弧形和矩形 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.2螺纹连接的螺纹连接的 基本类型基本类型•螺纹联接的基本类型螺纹联接的基本类型1. 螺栓联接：螺栓联接：普通螺栓联接普通螺栓联接，应用广泛；，应用广泛； 铰制孔用螺栓联接铰制孔用螺栓联接；；2.螺钉联接螺钉联接：被联接件之一较厚；：被联接件之一较厚；3. 双头螺栓联接双头螺栓联接：常拆卸；：常拆卸；4. 紧定螺钉紧定螺钉联接：传递较小载荷。

联接：传递较小载荷其它：地脚螺栓联接；吊环螺栓联接；：地脚螺栓联接；吊环螺栓联接； T型槽螺栓联接型槽螺栓联接Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4.1.2螺纹连接的螺纹连接的 基本类型基本类型1. 1. 普通螺栓联接普通螺栓联接Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.普通螺栓连接普通螺栓连接Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 铰制孔用螺栓联接铰制孔用螺栓联接4.1.2螺纹连接的螺纹连接的 基本类型基本类型Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.2.双头螺柱联接双头螺柱联接4.1.2螺纹连接的螺纹连接的 基本类型基本类型Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3. 3. 螺钉联接螺钉联接4.1.2螺纹连接的螺纹连接的 基本类型基本类型Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.2螺纹连接的螺纹连接的 基本类型基本类型Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 螺钉拧入深度H: 钢或青铜 H≈d 铸铁 H=(1.25∽1.5)d 铝合金 H=(1.5 ∽2.5)d3 3、螺钉联接、螺钉联接4.1.2螺纹连接的螺纹连接的 基本类型基本类型Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4. 4. 紧定螺钉联接紧定螺钉联接 地脚螺栓地脚螺栓 吊环螺栓吊环螺栓 T T形槽螺栓联接形槽螺栓联接4.1.2螺纹连接的螺纹连接的 基本类型基本类型Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.方便装配方便装配•平正加工平正加工Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.3螺纹连接的预紧与防松螺纹连接的预紧与防松•螺纹连接的预紧螺纹连接的预紧–预紧的目的预紧的目的u提高连接的紧密性提高连接的紧密性u防止连接松动防止连接松动Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.提高连接的紧密性提高连接的紧密性Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.防止连接松动防止连接松动Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.3螺纹连接的预紧与防松螺纹连接的预紧与防松•螺纹连接的预紧螺纹连接的预紧–控制预紧力的方法控制预紧力的方法u1.控制应力、应变或伸长量控制应力、应变或伸长量u2.控制拧紧力矩控制拧紧力矩u3.控制拧紧力臂控制拧紧力臂Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.控制应力、应变或伸长量控制应力、应变或伸长量Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.控制拧紧力矩控制拧紧力矩Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.控制拧紧力臂控制拧紧力臂Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.拧紧力矩与预紧力的关系拧紧力矩与预紧力的关系:1F Fp p :预紧力预紧力d d2 2 :螺纹中径螺纹中径ψψ :螺纹升角螺纹升角rv v :螺纹当量摩擦角螺纹当量摩擦角rv v =arctg(μ/cos =arctg(μ/cos β) )β:牙型半角牙型半角=αα/2 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.FPFPFEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.拧紧力矩与预紧力的关系拧紧力矩与预紧力的关系:2F Fp p : :预紧力预紧力D D0 0 : :支承面最大直径支承面最大直径d d0 0 : :支承面最小直径支承面最小直径μ :μ :支承面摩擦系数支承面摩擦系数Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.拧紧力矩与预紧力的关系拧紧力矩与预紧力的关系d d2 2 ≈0.9d ; =1≈0.9d ; =1º4242’~3 3º2 2’rv v≈acrtg(1.155≈acrtg(1.155μ););μ≈0.≈0.1515D D0 0 ≈1.7d ;d≈1.7d ;d0 0 ≈1.1d≈1.1d代入代入, ,整理：整理：Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.3 螺纹连接的预紧与防松螺纹连接的预紧与防松•螺纹连接的防松螺纹连接的防松–防松的目的：防松的目的：防止松动失效防止松动失效–防松的实质：防松的实质：限制螺旋副的相对转动。

•防松的方法防松的方法 螺纹联接防松的方法按工作原理可分为–摩擦防松–机械防松–破坏螺纹副关系Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.•摩擦防松弹簧垫圈防松弹簧垫圈防松4.1.3螺纹连接的防松螺纹连接的防松Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.•摩擦防松4.1.3螺纹连接的防松螺纹连接的防松自锁螺母防松自锁螺母防松Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.3螺纹连接的防松螺纹连接的防松•摩擦防松对顶螺母防松对顶螺母防松Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.3螺纹连接的防松螺纹连接的防松•机械防松开口销开口销+开槽螺母防松开槽螺母防松Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.•机械防松4.1.3螺纹连接的防松螺纹连接的防松止动垫片防松止动垫片防松Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.•机械防松4.1.3螺纹连接的防松螺纹连接的防松串联钢丝防松串联钢丝防松Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.•破坏螺纹副关系防松4.1.3螺纹连接的防松螺纹连接的防松Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓连接的强度计算单个螺栓连接的强度计算•单个普通螺栓的强度计算单个普通螺栓的强度计算–1、松螺栓联接的强度计算–2、仅受预紧力作用的 紧螺栓联接的强度计算–3、受预紧力和工作拉力作用的紧螺栓联接的强度计算–4、 受工作剪力的紧螺栓联接的强度计算–小结Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓的失效分析螺栓的失效分析•失效分析失效分析–普通螺栓主要为螺纹部分发生断裂–受剪螺栓主要为压溃和剪切•设计准则–对普通螺栓保证拉伸强度–对铰制孔螺栓保证挤压和剪切强度Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•1、松螺栓联接的强度计算松螺栓联接的强度计算–受载荷形式受载荷形式: :轴向拉伸轴向拉伸( (工作拉力工作拉力F F））–失效形式失效形式: :螺栓拉断螺栓拉断 （静、疲劳）（静、疲劳）–设计准则设计准则:保证螺栓拉伸强度保证螺栓拉伸强度 σ≤[σ] σ≤[σ] Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•1、松螺栓联接的强度计算松螺栓联接的强度计算–设计计算方法：设计计算方法： 校核公式校核公式螺栓材料及许用应力螺栓材料及许用应力[σ][σ]，查表，查表4-64-6；； 查手册，确定查手册，确定dEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•2.仅受预紧力的 紧联接螺栓的强度计算–拉应力拉应力–扭转剪应力扭转剪应力–近似处理近似处理对对M14-M64钢制螺纹钢制螺纹Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•2.仅受预紧力的 紧联接螺栓的强度计算应力合成：应力合成：强度条件：强度条件： 设计公式：设计公式： 表表4.－－6物理意义物理意义Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•3.受轴向载荷F的紧螺栓联接强度计算Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•3.受轴向载荷F的紧螺栓联接强度计算分析受力和变形关系分析受力和变形关系F0 == F+ FP • Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.开始拧紧开始拧紧Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.拧紧后拧紧后Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.受力和变形关系受力和变形关系Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.受力变形线图（受力变形线图（P169Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 由图可得：螺栓的刚度被联接件的刚度Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 由图可得：螺栓总拉力： Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 由图可得：防止受载后接合面产生缝隙，残余预紧力可取： 紧密性 载荷不稳定 载荷稳定 1.5~1.8F 0.6~1.0F 0.2~0.6F表表4-3Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.预紧力用金属垫片或无垫片时取0.2~0.3用软垫片时取0.7~0.9单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.受力变形线图（受力变形线图（P169））为降低螺栓的受力，提高承载能力应使螺栓的相对刚度 值尽量小些，取较硬的垫片Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 螺栓拉伸螺栓拉伸强度条件强度条件 设计公式：设计公式： 4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 螺栓如受到变载荷：影响疲劳强度的主要螺栓如受到变载荷：影响疲劳强度的主要因素为应力幅因素为应力幅4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 螺栓如受螺栓如受到变载荷到变载荷4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算表表4-6Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•受工作剪力的普通螺栓联接的强度计算受工作剪力的普通螺栓联接的强度计算 为保证接合面有足够的摩擦，螺栓必须先预紧Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•受工作剪力的普通螺栓联接的强度计算受工作剪力的普通螺栓联接的强度计算保证接合面不滑移，预紧力为um:接合面数；Kn:可靠性系数取1.1~1.3，uμ为摩擦系数，材料为钢和铸铁时取0.10~0.15Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.•4、、 受工作剪力的紧螺栓联接的强度计算受工作剪力的紧螺栓联接的强度计算4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•预紧力很小，强度计算预紧力很小，强度计算•时可不考虑；时可不考虑； • 失效形式：侧面压溃及失效形式：侧面压溃及•螺栓剪切螺栓剪切 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•受工作剪力的受工作剪力的铰制孔螺栓铰制孔螺栓联接的强度计算联接的强度计算螺栓与孔壁挤压面最小高度δminm为接合面数Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.单个螺栓强度计算小结单个螺栓强度计算小结铰制孔螺栓强度计算普通螺栓强度计算 1.松螺栓强度计算2.仅受预紧力的螺栓强度计算3.受预紧力和工作载荷的螺栓强度计算4.受剪螺栓的强度计算Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•螺纹联接的材料–螺纹联接的材料 满足强度和塑性要求，P172表4-5•螺纹联接件的常用材料：–低碳钢Q215（原A2）、10号钢；----一般联接–中碳钢Q235（原A3）、35、45号钢；----一般联接–低合金钢或合金钢15Cr、40Cr、30CrMnTi。

承受 冲击、振动载荷–垫片材料 ：普通垫片： Q215、 15、35号钢； 弹簧垫片：65Mn需热处理）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.4单个螺栓的强度计算单个螺栓的强度计算•3.表表4-5螺栓、螺钉、螺柱和螺母材料的力螺栓、螺钉、螺柱和螺母材料的力学性能等级学性能等级P172表中强度等级表中强度等级 6.8表示材料的表示材料的 •4.螺纹连接件的许用应力螺纹连接件的许用应力P172表表4-6Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.5螺栓组设计螺栓组设计•螺栓组的受力分析螺栓组的受力分析•螺栓组结构设计螺栓组结构设计Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接的受力分析螺栓组连接的受力分析•目的：找到受力最危险的螺栓目的：找到受力最危险的螺栓•几点假设：几点假设：–同组螺栓的材料、直径、预紧力相同同组螺栓的材料、直径、预紧力相同–被连接件为刚体，受载后连接面仍为平面被连接件为刚体，受载后连接面仍为平面–螺栓组形心与连接接合面的形心重合螺栓组形心与连接接合面的形心重合–螺栓的变形在弹性范围内螺栓的变形在弹性范围内Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.xzyFzFxFyoTzMy3个方向，6种载荷：横向力：Fx FY轴向力： Fz翻转力矩：Mx，MY转矩：TzMx螺栓组连接的受力分析螺栓组连接的受力分析螺栓组受力分析螺栓组受力分析螺栓组受力分析螺栓组受力分析将一个零件加以固定，其实质就是约将一个零件加以固定，其实质就是约束该零件在空间的六个自由度。

束该零件在空间的六个自由度Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.1.5螺栓组设计螺栓组设计•螺栓组的受力分析螺栓组的受力分析–1、受横向力的螺栓组联接、受横向力的螺栓组联接u绞制孔螺栓绞制孔螺栓u普通螺栓普通螺栓–2 2、受扭矩的螺栓组联接、受扭矩的螺栓组联接u普通螺栓联接普通螺栓联接u铰制孔用螺栓联接铰制孔用螺栓联接–3、受预紧力和轴向载荷的螺栓组联接、受预紧力和轴向载荷的螺栓组联接–4 4、受翻转力矩的螺栓组联接、受翻转力矩的螺栓组联接Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接的受力分析螺栓组连接的受力分析•1、受横向力的螺栓组联接、受横向力的螺栓组联接–普通螺栓联接普通螺栓联接为保证接合面有足够的摩擦，螺栓必须先预紧um:接合面数；Kn:可靠性系数取1.1~1.3，uu为摩擦系数，材料为钢和铸铁时取0.10~0.15保证接合面不滑移，预紧力为Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接的受力分析螺栓组连接的受力分析•1、受横向力的螺栓组联接、受横向力的螺栓组联接–铰制孔用螺栓联接铰制孔用螺栓联接Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.•2 2、受扭矩的螺栓组联接、受扭矩的螺栓组联接–普通螺栓联接普通螺栓联接–铰制孔用螺栓联接铰制孔用螺栓联接螺栓组连接的受力分析螺栓组连接的受力分析Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接受力分析螺栓组连接受力分析•2、受扭矩的螺栓组联接•普通螺栓联接普通螺栓联接由接合面的摩擦力距平衡由接合面的摩擦力距平衡接合面不发生滑移，单个螺栓的预紧力为接合面不发生滑移，单个螺栓的预紧力为Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接的受力分析螺栓组连接的受力分析•2 2、受扭矩的螺栓组联接、受扭矩的螺栓组联接•铰制孔用螺栓联接铰制孔用螺栓联接忽略预紧和摩擦的作用，忽略预紧和摩擦的作用，转矩转矩T由螺栓受的剪切载荷对形心由螺栓受的剪切载荷对形心的力矩平衡，变形量越大则工作剪力越大的力矩平衡，变形量越大则工作剪力越大Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接受力分析螺栓组连接受力分析•2、受扭矩螺栓组联接受扭矩螺栓组联接•铰制孔用螺栓联接铰制孔用螺栓联接 变形协调条件变形协调条件Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接的受力分析螺栓组连接的受力分析•3、、受预紧力和轴向载荷的螺栓组联接既受预紧力，又受工作拉力后螺栓的总既受预紧力，又受工作拉力后螺栓的总载荷计算，见单个螺栓的强度计算载荷计算，见单个螺栓的强度计算Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接受力分析螺栓组连接受力分析•4 4、受翻转力矩的螺栓组联接、受翻转力矩的螺栓组联接假定底板为刚体，翻转力矩作用在螺栓组的联接形心受载假定底板为刚体，翻转力矩作用在螺栓组的联接形心受载后，绕后，绕O O—O O转动仍保持平面转动仍保持平面Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接受力分析螺栓组连接受力分析•受翻转力矩的螺栓组联接受翻转力矩的螺栓组联接螺栓组平衡条件：变形协调条件：Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.•失效分析失效分析–紧螺栓受拉扭；紧螺栓受拉扭；–底板左侧出现间隙；底板左侧出现间隙；–底板右侧压溃。

底板右侧压溃•右侧不压溃右侧不压溃•左侧不分离：左侧不分离： Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.xzyFzFxFyoTzMy3个方向，6种载荷：横向力：Fx FY轴向力： Fz翻转力矩：Mx，MY转矩：TzMx螺栓组连接的受力分析螺栓组连接的受力分析螺栓组受力分析螺栓组受力分析Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.受复合载荷的螺栓组联接受复合载荷的螺栓组联接横向载荷+ +轴向载荷+ +翻转力矩Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.受复合载荷的螺栓组联接受复合载荷的螺栓组联接横向载荷+ +旋转力矩Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.受复合载荷的螺栓组联接受复合载荷的螺栓组联接计算时应求出受力最大螺栓的受力计算时应求出受力最大螺栓的受力Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.例题：已知例题：已知P=260N,结合面摩擦系数结合面摩擦系数f=0.15确定螺栓的材料和直径确定螺栓的材料和直径解：将力向结合面的形解：将力向结合面的形心中心简化心中心简化每个螺栓的受力，分每个螺栓的受力，分析最危险螺栓的受力析最危险螺栓的受力Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.•螺栓的预紧力螺栓的预紧力选螺栓材料为选螺栓材料为Q235,安全安全系数取系数取3则则选M10螺栓，d1=8.376mmEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. •例：如图钢板厚度例：如图钢板厚度 用用 两个铰制孔用螺栓固定在机架两个铰制孔用螺栓固定在机架上，上，F=5000N，其它尺寸如图。

板，其它尺寸如图板和机架材料均为和机架材料均为Q235•试：（试：（1）分析铰制孔用螺栓的失）分析铰制孔用螺栓的失效形式效形式 ；； （（2）分析铰制孔用螺栓的受力）分析铰制孔用螺栓的受力 （（3）按强度设计铰制孔用螺栓的）按强度设计铰制孔用螺栓的直径直径 （（4）若用普通螺栓，计算螺栓）若用普通螺栓，计算螺栓 的直径（的直径（f=0.2，，Kn=1.1））解：1.铰制孔用螺栓的失效形式为剪切和挤压失效 ；•2.受力分析：将载荷F向形心O简化后，每个螺栓的受力•3.按剪切强度计算螺栓的直径，Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. . 粗选粗选d=10，，d 0=4.1mm的的 六角六角头铰制孔用螺栓，螺母头铰制孔用螺栓，螺母d=10，，H=8。

根据机架，板厚及螺母根据机架，板厚及螺母H选用选用l=100（（l3=82，， l2=18））选用两个选用两个 100 GB27--88六角头铰制孔用螺栓六角头铰制孔用螺栓•按挤压强度校核式中由结构确定式中由结构确定Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. .•4. 4.改用普通螺栓改用普通螺栓•每个螺栓的预紧力每个螺栓的预紧力•选用两个M30（d1=26.21）的六角螺栓•小结：受复合载荷螺栓，其合力按向量相加；铰制孔用螺栓比普通螺栓尺寸小很多•其中Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组受力分析的方法•将作用力向形心转化----得到力、力矩•分析每个螺栓的受力•找出受力最大的危险螺栓•对危险螺栓进行强度校核螺栓组联接的强度计算Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接的结构设计螺栓组连接的结构设计•螺栓的布局螺栓的布局–满足连接的可靠性、紧密性要求，同一组螺栓的尺寸、材料均应相同；–螺栓的布置应使螺栓的受力合理；–螺栓的排列应有合理的间距、边距；–分布在同一圆周上的螺栓数目应取偶数，以便于加工；•连接结构空间合理连接结构空间合理–拧入深度–扳手空间–合理选择防松装置等–避免螺栓承受附加载荷，如偏载等；4.1.6螺栓组连接的结构设计螺栓组连接的结构设计Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.•螺栓的布置应使螺栓的受力合理螺栓的布置应使螺栓的受力合理铰制孔用螺栓受力方向不超过8个；受弯矩或扭矩时应适当离开对称轴螺栓组连接的结构设计螺栓组连接的结构设计Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺栓组连接的结构设计螺栓组连接的结构设计•1 1螺栓的排列应有螺栓的排列应有合理的间距、边距合理的间距、边距压力容器的螺栓间压力容器的螺栓间距距Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.扳手空间扳手空间Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.结构上：凸台；沉头座；斜面垫圈；球面垫圈避免螺栓偏心承载避免螺栓偏心承载Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.螺纹联接设计要解决的主要问题•确定螺纹联接的形式----选择螺栓类型•螺栓联接的结构设计–确定螺栓数目及布置方式–螺纹联接的主要尺寸–确定材料–防松方法•强度校核本章总结Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.总结总结•强度校核注意区分几个重要的概念：注意区分几个重要的概念：外载荷（作用于整个联外载荷（作用于整个联接结构上）、预紧力、剩余预紧力、螺栓的受力等。

接结构上）、预紧力、剩余预紧力、螺栓的受力等–复杂的外载荷分解成简单外载荷—力与力矩–各简单外载荷作用下的螺栓受力分析，找到危险螺栓和受力的大小–螺栓的强度计算，求尺寸Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.。