下胚轴与嫁接亲和性.pdf

Turk J Agric For 28 (2004) 231-237 © TÜB‹TAK231Effect of Hypocotyl Morphology on Survival Rate and Growth of Watermelon Seedlings Grafted on Rootstocks with Different Emergence Performance at Various TemperaturesHalit YET‹fi‹R* Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay - TURKEYNebahat SARI Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana - TURKEYReceived: 01.09.2003Abstract: The emergence performance of different rootstocks and watermelon cultivars at different temperatures, and the effect of hypocotyl structure on grafting success and survival rate were investigated. Evaluated rootstocks were Cucurbita moschata (landrace), C. maxima(Ar›can local cultivar), Strong Tosa (C. maximax C. moschata), P360 (C. maximax C. moschata), Luffa cylindrica, Benincasa hispida, Lagenaria siceraria(landrace), Skopje (Landrace), and 2 Lagenariahybrids, 216 and FR Gold. The Crimson Tide watermelon cultivar was used as scion. Emergence tests at 14 ºC, 18 ºC and 25 ºC were carried out for all rootstocks and scion seeds in a growth chamber. Cucurbitatype rootstocks showed better emergence performance at low temperatures than did other rootstocks and scion. However, B. hispida, L. cylindrica, Lagenariatype rootstocks and scion did not emerge at 14 ºC and they were rotten. At 18 ºC, the earliest emergence was recorded in Cucurbitatype rootstocks while the latest emergence was observed in B. hispidaand L. cylindrica. Rootstocks and scion did not show any difference in emergence rate at 25 ºC. B. hispida and L. cylindricahad the thinnest and shortest hypocotyls which made grafting difficult. The survival rate of grafted plants was inversely correlated with the difference in diameters of scion and rootstock. At the same time survival rate was significantly affected by the rootstocks genotype. Rootstocks had different numbers of vascular bundles but the survival rate was not affected by the number of vascular bundles whereas the plant growth rate was positively affected. In general, Lagenariatype rootstocks had a higher survival rate than did other rootstocks. The hole insertion grafting technique had a significantly lower survival rate than did the approaching technique in Cucurbitatype rootstocks. All graft combinations produced higher plant biomass than did the control plant, except for the L. cylindrica. The study showed that rootstock influences survival rates and plant growth in the use of grafting applications in watermelon. Key Words:Citrullus lanatus, emergence rate, grafting, rootstocks, scion, hypocotyl Hipokotil Morfolojisinin De¤iflik S›cakl›klarda Farkl› Ç›k›flPerformans› Gösteren AnaçlarÜzerine Afl›lanm›flOlan Karpuz Fidelerinde Afl› Tutum Oran›na ve Bitki Büyümesine EtkisiÖzet: Bu çal›flmada farkl› anaçlar›n ve karpuzun de¤iflik s›cakl›klarda ç›k›flperformanslar› ve hipokotil morfolojisinin afl› tutma oran›nave bitki geliflimine etkileri çal›fl›lm›flt›r. Anaç olarak; C. moschata, C. maxima(Ar›can), Strong Tosa (C. maximax C. moschata), P360 (C. maximax C. moschata), Luffa. cylindrica, Benincasa hispida, Lagenaria siceraria, Skopje ve 2 adet Lagenariamelezi kullan›l›rken,kalem olarak Crimson Tide karpuz çeflidi kullan›lm›flt›r. Ç›k›fltestleri 14 ºC, 18 ºC ve 25 ºC’de bütün anaçlar ve kalem için yap›lm›flt›r. Cucurbitagrubuna giren anaçlar düflük s›cakl›klarda di¤er anaçlardan ve kalemden daha iyi ç›k›flperformans› göstermifltir. B. hispida, L. cylindrica, di¤er su kaba¤› anaçlar› ve Crimson Tide karpuz çeflidi ç›k›flgöstermemiflve yap›lan incelemede tohumlar›n çürümüfloldu¤u görülmüfltür. Cucurbitagrubu anaçlar, 18 ºC’de de en erken ç›kan anaçlar olurken, B. hispidave L. cylindrica, en geç ç›kananaçlar olmufllard›r. 25 ºC’de anaçlar ve kalem aras›nda ç›k›flbak›m›ndan önemli bir fark bulunmam›flt›r. B. hispidave L. cylindricaen ince ve en k›sa hipokotillere sahip olmufllar ve bu özellikleri afl› yap›m›n› güçlefltirmifltir. Anaç ve kalemin aras›ndaki çap fark›büyüdükçe afl› tutma baflar›s› düflmektedir. Ayn› zamanda afl› tutma oran› anaçlardan da önemli oranda etkilenmifltir. Hipokotillerdekiiletim demeti say›s› afl› tutma oran› üzerine etkili olmazken, bitki geliflimi üzerinde etkili olmufltur. Genel olarak bak›ld›¤›nda Lagenariacinsine giren anaçlar daha yüksek afl› tutma oran› göstermifltir. Cucurbitagrubu anaçlarda kakma (koltuk) afl›da afl› tutma oran› ‹ngilizdilcikli afl›dan daha düflük bulunmufltur. Bütün afl› kombinasyonlar› CT/LCY hariç kontrol bitkilerinden daha yüksek biyomasde¤erlerine sahip olmufltur. Çal›flma sonuçlar› göstermifltir ki karpuzda afl›lama uygulamalar›nda anaçlar›n özellikleri afl› tutumunuve bitki geliflmesini etkilemektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler:Citrullus lanatus, ç›k›floran›, afl›lama, anaç, kalem, hipokotil* Correspondence to: yetisir1@IntroductionIn Turkey, 24.7 million t of vegetables is produced in about 785,000 ha per year, and 31% of this production belongs to Cucurbitaceous species. Watermelon is one 。