2022年高中英语必修四 ：Unit3语法.doc

2022年高中英语必修四 ：Unit3语法何时使用被动语态(1) 不知道或没有必要指明动作的发出者(2) 出于表达的习惯(3) 强调动作的承受或被执行(4) 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语(1) Many buildings are built in our town.(2) Yao Ming was born in China.(3) He was taken to hospital immediately.(4) He was brought up by a man who was kind and has great expectation.主动语态变成被动语态的方法原主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语，谓语部分主动变被动，原主动语态的主语变成介词by后的宾语主语) He teaches English (宾语) in this school.→English (主语) is taught by him (宾语) in this school.A. 动词的被动结构及用法动词的八种时态主动变被动主动被动(1) He writes novels every day.(2) He wrote novels when he was young.(3) He is writing a novel now.(4) He was writing a novel when I came in.(5) He will write many novels when he grows up.(6) He has written many novels since then.(7) He had written many novels before he went to university.(8) He promised that he would write more novels.(1) Novels are written (by him) every day.(2) Novels were written (by him) when he was young.(3) A novel is being written (by him) now.(4) A novel was being written (by him) when I came in.(5) Many novels will be written when he grows up.(6) Many novels have been written by him since then.(7) Many novels had been written by him before he went to university.(8) More novels would be written by him as he promised.B. 情态动词的被动结构情态动词的主动结构一般式must/can/could/may/might/ ought to/used to/need do完成式 must/can/could/may/might/ ought to/used to/need have done(1) We must take measures to protect our environment.→Measures must be taken to protect our environment.(2) You ought to water the flowers twice a day.→The flowers ought to be watered twice a day情态动词的被动结构一般式must/can/could/may/might/ ought to/used to/need be done完成式must/can/could/may/might/ ought to/used to/need have been doneC. 不定式的被动语态形式例句be going tobe tobe sure to be certain to + be +过去分词be due tobe about to(1) The flowers are to be watered twice a day.(2) The thief is sure to be caught.(3) The book is due to be published next month.(4) The meeting is going to be held this weekend.D. 系表结构与被动结构的区别被动语态表示动作的被执行或承受；而系表结构表示主语的特点，性质或状态过去分词由too、very、so、much等修饰e.g. She was so shocked that she couldn’t say a word.过去分词为表示心理、感情、处所等(1) He is lost in thought.(2) The school is located in the center of the city.过去分词为表示必然性，趋势性，意向决心等e.g. The boy is determined to get the book.remain, feel, like, stand, grow, bee等+过去分词e.g. The door remained closed all day.E. 被动语态的注意点不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略e.g. She was seen to pass by the window.表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态，往往意为“容纳，拥有，适合，缺少”如lack, fit, mean, hold, cost, contain, bee, look like, consist of等(1) The book costs 10 yuan.(2) The whole group consists of ten members.(3) She looks like her mother.(4) The area once lacked water.及物动词做不及物用 + 副词（e.g. easily, badly, well , smoothly），多用主动表被动，主语往往是人(1) The pen writes well.(2) The book sells badly.(3) The cloth wears long.某些形容词 + 不定式结构中，不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时，用不定式的主动形式(1) The picture is pleasant to look at.(2) The sentence is easy to understand.连系动词不用于被动语态（feel, appear, ring, smell, sound, bee , e, etc.）(1) He soon fell asleep.(2) The table feels smooth.burn, devote, dress, hurt, hide, love, seat, station, wear, tire + oneself + 介词 = be + 过去分词 + 介词(1) I hurt myself in a car accident. = I was hurt in a car accident.(2) He seated himself in the bench. = He was seated in the bench.练习一、单项选择。

) 1. What kind of advice ________ to you? A. has gave B. was gave C. has been given D. has given( ) 2. Yesterday Peter ________ a ticket for speeding. A. gave B. had been given C. was given D. was gave( ) 3. The construction of the gym ____________ by the end of January according to the contract. A. must be pleting B. must plete C. must have pleted D. must have been pleted( ) 4. He returned at midnight and found his house __________. A. had broken into B. was broken into C. to be broken into D. had been broken into( ) 5. A cook will be fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked( ) 6. Coal can_________ to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. A. have used B. be used C. use D. used( ) 7. Some new oilfields _________ since 1976. A. were opened up B. has opened up C. have been opened up D. had been opened up( ) 8. These boys ________ our football team. A. are belong to B. are belonged to C. belong to D. belong of( ) 9. These bags which ______________ to Hong Kong were missing at last. A. should have been sent B. should be sent C. should have sent D. should send( ) 10. Can this good decision _________ from you? A. except B. expected C. be expected D. excepting( ) 11. She。