2017人教版七年级英语上册语法点5——名词单复数变化.doc

1、七年级英语上册语法点五名词单复数变化一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化：统一加读iz。例：busbuses; quizquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。读音变化：加读z。例：candycandies; daisydaisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。读音变化：加读z。例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes; bingobingoes反例：silosilos; pianopianos（外来词）; phot

2、ophotos; macromacros（缩写词）五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。读音变化：尾音f改读vz。例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staffstaves; scarfscarves反例：roofroofs六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。读音变化：尾音Es改读ai，其中kEs要改读为sai，gEs要改读为dVai。例：fungusfungi; abacusabaci; focusfoci; cactuscacti; cestuscesti七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。读音变化：尾音is改读i:z。例：axisaxes; basisbases; narisnares; hypothesishypotheses; restisrestes八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。读音变化：尾音iks改读isi:z。例：matrixmatrices; directrixdirectrices; calixcalices;

3、 appendixappendices 反例：affixaffixes九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。读音变化：去掉鼻尾音。例：forumfora; stadiumstadia; aquariumaquaria; datumdata; vacuumvacua十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。读音变化：尾音E改读i:。例：larvalarvae; formulaformulae; alaalae; mediamediae; hydrahydrae十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化：保持原音。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; salmonsalmon十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化：没有规律。例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：例：oxoxen; childchildren; brotherbrethren十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词例：analys

4、isanalyses分析; basisbases基础; datumdata数据; footfeet;formulaformulae/formulas公式; goosegeese; louselice虱子; manmenmousemice; mediummedia/mediums媒介; memorandummemoranda/memorandums备忘录;parenthesisparentheses 圆括号; phenomenonphenomena现象; radiusradii 半径toothteeth; womanwomen十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;traffic交通十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; sh

5、orts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀trousers长裤; wages工资十八、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父man-of-warmen-of-war兵舰; maid-servantmaid-servantsstep-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters以O结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：heroes,po

6、tatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes 但下面几类词只加s：1.以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词如:videos,radios,studios,folios,oratorios,embryos,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos 2.一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos 3.一些缩写词和专有名词，如：kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos 有个别词加两种词尾都可以，如：archipelago(e)s,halo(e)s,cargoes(英），cargos(美）名词由单数变成复数的练习写出下列名词复数leaf_ puppy_ box_ knife_ fly_ fox_ bus_ bench_ brush_ kiss_ church_ dish_ ruler_ pe

7、ach_ glass_ pencil_ boy_ zoo_ man_ roof_ sheep_ knife_ lady_ key_ story_ watch_ bamboo_ city_ family_ day_ apple_ eraser_ speech_ thief_ mouse_ fish_ goose_ people _ ox_ Chinese _ deer _ foot_ child_ tooth_ guy_ hero_ spy_ boss_ monkey_ city _ goat _ radio _ horse _ dog _用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1There are so many_(wolf)in the forest.2There are three _(chair) in the classroom.3These _(tomato) are red. 4_(hero) are great.5My brother looks after two _(baby)6There are some _(deer) eating the grass.7My fath

8、er likes to eat _(potato).8Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles.9I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom.10I help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen.11I have two _(pencil-box). 12There are some _(bus)in the street.13Peter has eight _(foot). 14Linda has three _(tooth).15There are some _(child) in the garden.16Michael likes the _(mouse).17There are some _(goose)in the river.18My uncle and father are _(man).19Tom and King are _(boy). 20Linda has three _(tooth).选出正确形式1I can see three _ in the zoo. A monkeys B monkeys C monkey2.The pig has four _.A. foot B. feet C. foots3.My two brothers are both _.A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen4.There are four _ in the class.A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. Japa

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